父母教养方式对儿童运动伤害的影响:儿童气质的中介作用  

The impact of parenting style on children's sport injury: the role of child temperament as a mediator

作　　者：马自芳[1] 唐颖[1] 胡瑞杰[1] 薛钟瑜 王莉[1] 李济 MA Zi-fang;TANG Ying;HU Rui-jie;XUE Zhong-yu;WANG Li;LI Ji(Department of Child and Adolescent Health,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Department of Physical Education,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生教研室,山西太原030001 [2]山西医科大学体育教学部,山西太原030001

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2018年第9期889-892,共4页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81402701);山西医科大学2016年大学生创新创业校级项目(20160301)

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童气质在父母教养方式与儿童运动伤害之间的中介作用。方法分层随机整群抽取太原市8所小学2 212名四、五年级在校学生进行问卷调查。结果儿童运动伤害发生率为33.3%。男童运动伤害发生率(37.9%)高于女童(28.2%)(x^2=22.688,P<0.001)。除FFI(父亲情感温暖、理解)外,各因子得分越高,儿童发生运动伤害的可能性越大(均有P<0.05)。活动水平、节律性、反应强度、情绪本质和坚持性各维度得分越高,儿童发生运动伤害的可能性越大(均有P<0.05)。儿童气质在积极的父母教养方式与运动伤害间具有部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应的10.8%;儿童气质在消极的父母教养方式与运动伤害间具有部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应的9.4%。结论父母教养方式和儿童气质对运动伤害的发生均存在一定的影响,父母避免采用拒绝、否认和惩罚、严厉的教养方式,有可能在一定程度上降低儿童运动伤害的发生率及其严重程度。Objective To explore the mediating role of child temperament in parental rearing style and children＇ s sport injury, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of children＇ s sport injury. Methods Totally 2 212 students in grade 4 and 5 from 8 primary schools in Taiyuan City were selected by using stratified random cluster sampling method and surveyed with questionnaire. Results The incidence of sport injury was 33.3%. The incidence of sport injury in boys （37.9%） was higher than that of girls （28.2%） （X2 = 22. 688,P 〈 0. 001 ）. In addition to FFI （the father＇ s emo- tional warmth and understanding）, the higher the scores, the greater the likelihood that children would be injured （ all P 〈 0. 05）. The higher the score of activity level, rhythmicity, reaction intensity, emotional nature and persistence, the greater the possibility of children＇ s sports injury （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. Child temperament had some mediating effect between active paren- ting style and sport injury, the mediating effect accounted for 10. 8% of the total effects. Child temperament had some media- ting effect between negative parenting style and sport injury, the mediating effect accounted for 9.4% of the total effects. Conclusions Parenting styles and temperament have significant influence on the occurrence of sport injury, therefore, par- ents should identify the high-risk groups and take appropriate parenting to reduce the rate and severity of sport injury.

关 键 词：儿童 运动伤害 教养方式 气质 

分 类 号：R181.39[医药卫生—流行病学]