玉米种植模式对褐土微生物特性的影响  

Effects of maize cropping patterns on microbial properties in cinnamon soil

作　　者：张贵宗 蔡倩[3] 白伟[3] 梁文举[1] ZHANG Gui-zong;CAI Qian;BAI Wei;LIANG Wen-ju(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Acade-my of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China）.)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]辽宁省农业科学院栽培耕作研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第9期2663-2671,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300204-1)资助

摘　　要：土壤微生物群落组成及其酶活性是表明土壤肥力的重要敏感指标。本研究以辽西北褐土区设置的玉米等行距(对照)、二比空、三比空和大垄双行4种种植模式为对象,调查了玉米不同种植模式对褐土微生物特性的影响。结果表明:在4种种植模式的微生物群落组成中,细菌为优势类群,其中三比空、大垄双行磷脂脂肪酸总量、细菌、丛枝菌根真菌、革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性细菌丰度均显著高于等行距和二比空模式;大垄双行种植模式土壤β-1,4-葡糖苷酶活性、腐生真菌丰度、微生物生物量碳和碱解氮含量均显著高于等行距种植模式,而酸性磷酸酶含量则显著低于等行距种植模式。相关分析表明:碱解氮含量与腐生真菌丰度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与酸性磷酸酶活性呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。大垄双行种植模式较高的腐生真菌丰度有利于分泌更多的β-1,4-葡糖苷酶,提高微生物生物量碳和碱解氮含量,进而促进碳氮循环过程,有利于玉米的生长。Soil microbial community composition and enzyme activities are the important and sensitive indicators of soil fertility. We investigated the effects of different cropping patterns of maize on microbial properties of cinnamon soil in northwest Liaoning. There were four treatments,including cropping patterns of equal row space（ DHJ,control）,double row with one space（ EBK）,triple row with one space（ SBK）,and double row at wide ridge（ DLSH）. The results showed that bacteria dominated in all treatments. The abundance of total PLFA,bacteria,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,gram-positive bacteria（ G＋bacteria） and gram-negative bacteria（ G-bacteria）was significantly higher in SBK and DLSH than in DHJ and EBK. The activity of β-1,4-glucosidase,the abundance of saprophytic fungi（ sap fungi） and the content of microbial biomass carbon（ MBC） and alkali hydrolysable nitrogen（ AN） were significantly higher in DLSH than in DHJ. However,the activity of acid phosphatase（ Ac P） was significantly lower in DLSH than in DHJ. The correlation analysis indicated that AN was positively correlated with sap fungi abundance（ P〈0.01） and negatively correlated with acid phosphatase activity（ P〈0. 05）. The high abundance of sap fungi in DLSH would be beneficial to excreting β-1,4-glucosidase（ BG） and increasing MBC and AN content,thereby promoting soil carbon and nitrogen cycling and maize productivity.

关 键 词：种植模式 微生物特性 磷脂脂肪酸 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S154.3