台山附近海域浮游植物的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系  

Seasonal variation of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in sea waters near Taishan

作　　者：何瑞 蒋然 朱小平 郭伟 李召旭 徐宁[2] HE Rui;JIANG Ran;ZHU Xiao-ping;GUO Wei;LI Zhao-xu;XU Ning(pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Guangzhou 510611,China;Research Center of Hydrobiology,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China）.)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利科学研究院,广州510611 [2]暨南大学水生生物研究所,广州510632

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第9期2727-2736,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030313329);国家自然科学基金项目(51409287)资助

摘　　要：于2015年12月至2016年9月,对台山附近海域浮游植物群落结构及环境因子进行了4个季度调查。记录浮游植物113种,分属6门64属,其中以硅藻种类最多,达31属67种,占59.2%;甲藻次之,10属18种,占15.9%;硅藻的种类组成和丰度均占绝对优势,其次为甲藻、绿藻,甲藻丰度春季最高,而绿藻丰度最高则出现在夏季;浮游植物年平均丰度为7.06×105cells·L^(-1),春季明显高于其他3个季节,呈现春(2.65×106cells·L^(-1))、夏(6.3×104cells·L^(-1))、秋(5.6×104cells·L^(-1))、冬(5.4×104cells·L^(-1))递减的趋势;主要优势种有丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)、洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus)、辐射圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus radiates)、布氏双尾藻(Ditylum brightwellii)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)等,其中中肋骨条藻为全年优势种;浮游植物物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度年平均值分别为2.98、3.34和0.69;温度、盐度、p H、化学需氧量、硝酸盐及活性磷酸盐在不同季节不同程度影响着浮游植物群落结构,形成春季高峰的关键因子是盐度、p H和硝酸盐。To provide reference for the conservation of marine ecosystems near Taishan,seasonal variation of phytoplankton community and environmental factors in sea waters near Taishan were investigated from December 2015 to September 2016. A total of 113 species were identified,belonging to 64 genera and six classes. The most diverse group was the diatoms（ 67 species from31 genera）,accounting for 59.2% of the total recorded species,followed by dinoflagellates（ 18 species,10 genera）,which accounted for 15.9% of the total recorded species. Diatoms were predominant in species composition and cell abundance. Dinoflagellates and green algae were the second and the third major group,peaking in spring and summer,respectively. The annual average cell abundance of microalgae was 7.06×105 cells·L^-1,peaking in spring（ 2.65×106 cells·L^-1）,followed by summer（ 6.3×10^4 cells·L^-1）,autumn（ 5.6×10^4 cells·L^-1）,and winter（ 5.4×10^4 cells·L^-1）. The dominant species were Leptocylindrus danicus,Chaetoceros lorenzianus,Coscinodiscus radiates,Ditylum brightwellii,Skeletonema costatum,and Phaeocystis globosa.Among them,S. costatum was dominant in all seasons. The annual average Shannon diversity index,Margalef diversity index,Pielou evenness index were 2.98,3.34 and 0.69,respectively.The effects of water temperature,salinity,p H,chemical oxygen demand（ COD）,nitrate and active phosphate on the phytoplankton community structure varied among different seasons. Salinity,p H and nitrate were the driving factors of cell abundance peak in spring.

关 键 词：浮游植物 群落结构 季节变化 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]