贻贝筏式养殖区附生大型海藻与两种附着端足目的关系  

Relationship between epiphytic seaweeds and two seaweed-associated amphipods in mussel raft culture area

作　　者：刘书荣 周曦杰 章守宇 程晓鹏 向晨 王凯 LIU Shu-rong;ZHOU Xi-jie;ZHANG Shou-yu;CHENG Xiao-peng;XIANG Chen;WANG Kai(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China）.)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第9期2737-2744,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-50)资助

摘　　要：大型海藻在海洋生态系统中具有广泛的生态功能,而关于其资源养护效应的研究大都围绕高营养层级的鱼类、螺贝类进行,目前针对大型海藻对饵料生物的养护研究尚不多见。本文报道了贻贝筏式养殖生境中海藻群落对其表面附着的端足目等饵料生物的潜在养护功能。于2017年5月在枸杞岛西北部贻贝筏式养殖区采集样品,共获得32种大型海藻,其中包括红藻门(Rhodophyta)、褐藻门(Phaeophyta)和绿藻门(Chlorophyta)三个门类;在这些海藻中附着大量的端足目(Amphipods)生物,主要以钩虾亚目(Gammaridea)和麦秆虫科(Caprellidae)为主,其中平均每克海藻中附着的总端足目生物量达0.073±0.034 g(df=29,a=0.05),丰度7.63±4.07只(df=29,a=0.05);相关性分析结果显示:随着海藻生物量的增加,端足目总生物量显著增加(r=0.43,n=28,P<0.05),钩虾的丰度也显著增加(r=0.50,n=28,P<0.01),麦秆虫丰度无显著变化(r=0.26,n=28,P>0.1);随着海藻丰富度的增加,钩虾的平均个体大小显著增加(r=0.71,n=30,P<0.001),麦秆虫个体大小则无显著变化(r=-0.13,n=30,P>0.1)。该研究表明,贻贝筏式养殖生境中附生的大型海藻有益于其表面附着的钩虾和麦秆虫的栖息生长,但海藻群落对这两种端足目影响的内在机制并不相同,这可能与不同海藻间的功能差异以及两种端足目自身的生态习性有一定的关系。Seaweeds have various ecological functions in marine ecosystems. As for their conservation function,most studies have focused on their conservation effect on high trophic level,such as fish,gastropod,and mussel. However,little is known about the conservation effect of seaweeds on bait organisms. Here,we reported the conservation function of epiphytic seaweeds on seaweed-associated bait organisms such as amphipods in a raft-mussel-culture area. Sampling was carried out in the raft-mussel-culture area of northwestern Gouqi Island in May 2017. A total of 32 species of epiphytic seaweeds were collected,belonging to three phyla： Rhodophyta,Phaeophyta,and Chlorophyta. Plenty of amphipods（ mainly Gammaridea and Caprellidae） were observed attaching on the surface of the epiphytic seaweeds. The mean biomass of the amphipods attached on per gram of epiphytic seaweeds was 0. 073 ± 0. 034 g（ df = 29,a = 0. 05）,while their abundance reached as high as 7.63 ± 4.07 ind·g-1（ df = 29,a = 0.05）. There were positive correlations between amphipod biomass and seaweed biomass（ r = 0.43,n = 28,P 0.05） and between Gammarida abundance and seaweed biomass（ r = 0.50,n = 28,P〈0.01）. Caprellidae abundance did not change with increasing seaweed biomass（ r = 0.26,n = 28,P〉0.1）. The average individual size of Gammaridea significantly increased with seaweed richness（ r = 0.71, n = 30,P〈0.001）,whereas there was no significant correlation between individual size of Caprellidae and seaweed richness（ r =-0.13,n = 30,P〉0.1）. In conclusion,our results indicated that seaweeds are beneficial for the growth of seaweed-associated Gammaridea and Caprellidae. The mechanisms of seaweed conservation effects on them are different,which may be related to the species-specific functions of seaweeds and ecological habits of amphipods.

关 键 词：大型海藻 钩虾 麦秆虫 生态功能 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]