新疆貂熊种群初步调查  

A preliminary study of wolverine in Altay,Xinjiang

作　　者：刘旭[1,2] 马鸣 徐福军[3] 熊嘉武 朱世兵 崔绍朋 蒋志刚[5] 张同[4] 郭宏 叶勒波拉提.托流汉[3] LIU Xu;MA Ming;XU Fujun;XIONG Jiawu;ZHU Shibing;CUI Shaopeng;JIANG Zhigang;ZHANG Tong;GUO Hong;ERBOLAT Tuoliuhan(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Altay Mountains Two-River Source Reserve,Altay 836500,China;Central South Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of State Forestry Administration,Changsha 410004,China;Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆阿尔泰山两河源流域自然保护区管理局,阿勒泰836500 [4]中南林业调查规划设计院,长沙410004 [5]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《兽类学报》2018年第5期519-524,共6页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572292;31272291;30970340);UNDP-GEF项目

摘　　要：貂熊（Gulo gulo）属食肉目,鼬科,貂熊属。此种有两个亚种,分别为古北亚种（G.g.gulo）和新北亚种（G.g.luscus）。新北亚种分布在北美北部地区;古北亚种分布在欧亚大陆,我国分布为此亚种（朴仁珠和张明海,2000）。貂熊主要栖息在高山、苔原、泰加林、北方森林区域、沼泽等环境（Mitchell-Jones et al.,1999）。Wolverine（ Gulo gulo） distribution in China is small,being found only in the Great Khingan Mountains,northeast China and the Altay Mountains,northwest China. It had been category Ⅰstate key protected wild animals because of the rarely population. Some studies of wolverines have been done in the Great Khingan Mountains but few in the Altay Mountains. In 2013-2016,we surveyed six chosen ranges to estimate the population size and density of wolverine in the Altay Mountains using a line transect method,a trace method,a questionnaire survey and infrared cameras. As a result,we directly observed and captured wolverines in Kaba,Burjin（ Kanas Nature Reserve）,Altai（ Xiao donggou）,Fuyun（ Kurmut）,Qinghe（ Qinggil River）. The population size in Altay Mountains was estimated approximately to be 97-166 individuals,from which the density was estimated to be 2. 57-4. 39 individuals/1000 km^2. This scarce population may be related to grazing pressure,reduced food resources,habitat loss,or the increasing interference of human activity. As well,the conflict between wolverines and livestock and the border fence could be another reason.

关 键 词：貂熊(Gulo gulo) 数量 分布 干扰 阿尔泰山 

分 类 号：Q985.2[生物学—人类学]