云南玉米叶龄和器官建成诊断的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on Maize Leaf Age and Organs Development Diagnosis in Yunnan Province

作　　者：罗黎明[1] 陈洪梅[1] 徐春霞 杨从党[1] 李刚华[3] 陈秀华[1] 郑艳萍 何羊涛 张建华[4] 姚文华[1] 尹兴福 LUO Li-ming;CHEN Hong-mei;XU Chun-xia;YANG Cong-dang;LI Gang-hua;CHEN Xiu-hua;ZHENG Yah-ping;HE Yang-tao;ZHANG Jian-hua;YAO Wen-hua;YIN Xing-fu(Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;Yunnan Tianmi Seed Co.,Ltd,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;Agronomy College of Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China,Ministry of Agriculture,Jiangsu Nanjing 210095,China;Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]云南田瑞种业有限公司,云南昆明650205 [3]南京农业大学/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095 [4]云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第9期1789-1795,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"粮食丰产增效科技创新"专项(2017YFD0300303-5);云南省科技领军人才培养(2014HA002);热带亚热带玉米种质改良与创新平台(2015DH011);云南省技术创新人才培养-徐春霞(2016HB033)

摘　　要：【目的】本试验采用叶龄和器官间的同伸关系,探究叶龄模式诊断法的适用性,以期为建立云南不同总叶片数玉米品种的叶龄模式提供基础参数,为探索出能精确指导云南玉米高产栽培实践的技术体系提供理论依据。【方法】2014-2015年在昆明设置2个重复试验,从云南省玉米生产上大面积推广的玉米品种中选择3个不同总叶数的品种云瑞999、云瑞88、云瑞10号,对叶片进行标记,逐叶龄(每一片展开叶)取样10株观察记录节根发生台数,逐叶龄测量各个节间的长度,在解剖镜下逐叶龄剥查雄穗和雌穗的穗分化情况。【结果】果穗分化的起始叶龄,18叶品种为第6叶展开,19叶品种为第7叶展开,21叶品种为第8叶展开。第1毛叶展开,第1节间开始伸长可作为雄穗开始分化,果穗分化前兆的诊断指标。果穗着生叶展开时,所有品种的穗分化进程都处于雌蕊发育期;总叶片数相同的品种,果穗分化经历的叶龄数是一致的;节间中第7、第8两个节间的长度最长,符合了参试品种中果穗大部分着生于这两个节位上(倒7叶和倒6叶)的事实;当第1毛叶展开时,必然有一台次生根发生。【结论】第1毛叶展开期是一个具有综合诊断意义的重要诊断指标。果穗着生叶可见期(小喇叭口期),果穗进入小穗分化期,是促花的关键时期。果穗着生叶展开期(大喇叭口期),具有重要的诊断意义。[ Objective] This study adopted the synergetic elongation relationship between leaf ages and organs, explored the applicability of leaf age model diagnosis method in order to provide basic parameters for establishing maize leaf model for varieties with dirt）rent total leaf numbers in Yunnan Province, and to provide tbeoretical foundation for finding out a technical system to precisely guide maize high yield cul- tivation practices. [ Method] Two locations with two repeats each were tested in Kunming during 2014 and 2015. Tbree maize varieties with dirt）rent total leaf numbers were selected from large extended maize varieties in Yunnan Province, Yunmi 999, Yunmi 88, and Yunmi 10 to conduct the research. Leaves were marked, number of roots in 10 plants were observed and recorded, and intemode lengths were measuredat each unfolding leaf age. The differentiation situations of silk and ear were investigated by peeling under anatomical lens at each unfolding leaf age. [ Result] The initial leaf age of ear differentiation of maize variety with 18 total leaf numbers was the 6th unfolding leaf, that of 19 total leaf numbers was the 7th un- folding leaf, and that of 21 total leaf numbers was the 8th unfol- ding leaf. Unfolding of the 1 st hail7 leaf and elongation of the 1 st intemode could be taken as the diagnosis indicator of initia- tion of silk difi^rentiation and precursor of ear differentiation.Ear differentiation situation were all at pistil development stage in all varieties when ear inserted leaf unfolded. The leaf ages of ear differenti- arian duration were the same in varieties with same total leaf numbers. The intemode length of the 7th and 8th internodes were the longest, fitting the fact that most of the eros were inserted in these two nodes（ the 7th and 6th leaves counting from top）in tested varieties. A set of secondary root would inevitably appear when the 1 st hairy leaf was unfolded. [ Conclusion ] The 1 st hairy leaf unfolding stage was an important diagnosis indicator with comprehensive diagno

关 键 词：玉米 叶龄 器官 穗分化 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]