玉米间作马铃薯及起垄的水土保持效应  

Effect of Ridging on Soil Erosion under Maize and Potato Intercropping in Southwest China

作　　者：欧阳铖人[1] 吴伯志[1] 吴开贤[1] 杨友琼[1] 段颖丹 张晓云[1] 字淑慧[1] OUYANG Cheng-ren;WU Bo-zhi;WU Kai-xian;YANG You-qiong;DUAN Ying-dan;ZHANG Xiao-yun;ZI Shu-hui(Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricuhural University,Yunnan Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第9期1802-1810,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目"西南坡耕地合理耕层构建技术集成示范"(201503119);国家科技支撑计划课题专项经费项目"西南睦边扶贫区基本农田建设技术及示范"(2015BAD06B04-2-2);云南省现代玉米产业体系项目(2016)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨间作体系下地表特性(如地表糙度)对土壤侵蚀的影响。【方法】结合野外和人工模拟降雨试验,观测了种植方式(单作玉米,单作马铃薯和玉米马铃薯间作)和耕作(起垄和无垄)方式下的径流和侵蚀量特征。【结果】大田条件下起垄和种植方式具有显著的交互效应(P <0. 01)。间作起垄的径流量显著低于间作无垄(P <0. 05)、玉米起垄(P <0. 01)和玉米无垄(P <0. 001)。侵蚀量的结果与径流量相一致,间作起垄的侵蚀量分别比间作无垄、玉米起垄和玉米无垄减少了82. 29%、52. 16%和30. 02%。模拟条件下间作高垄的径流量最低,40和80 mm/h降雨强度下间作高垄的径流量低于间作低垄、玉米高垄和玉米低垄。侵蚀量的变化与径流量相类似,7月初40 mm/h降雨强度下间作高垄、间作低垄、玉米高垄的侵蚀量分别比玉米低垄减少了39. 39%、45. 90%和67. 21%。【结论】间作条件下起垄控制土壤侵蚀效果最好,这对于区域土壤侵蚀的防治具有重要的指导意义。[ Objective] The present paper was conducted to explore soil surface characteristics （surface roughness） on soil erosion in maize and potato intercropping system. [ Method ] the effectiveness of maize monocropping （MC） , potato monocropping （PC） and maize-potato in- tercropping （IC） under different surface soil conditions, no ridging （NR） and high ridging （HR） were compared in the field and simulation experiments under different rainfall conditions. [ Result] In the field experiment, there was a significant positive effect on runoff when inter- cropping was combined with ridging. Furthermore, intercropping could facilitate the role of ridging and control soil erosion. The runoff in in- tercropping with high ridging （ IC ＋ HR）, was significant lower than that in maize monocropping with no ridging （ MC ＋ NR） （ P 〈 0.05 ）, intercropping with no ridging （ IC ＋ NR） （ P 〈 0.01 ）, and maize monocropping with high ridging （ MC ＋ HR） （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. Sinfilar results were observeed for sediment yield. The erosion amount of IC ＋ HR were 82.29 % ,52.16 % and 30.02 % lower than that of IC ＋ NR, MC ＋ HR, and MC ＋ NR, respectively. In the simulation experiment, the lowest runoff in intercropping with high ridging （IC ＋ HR） was ob- served with the rainfall intensity of 40 mm/h and 80 ram/h, and was lower than that in intercropping with low ridging （IC ＋ LR） , maize monocropping with high ridging （ MC ＋ HR）, and maize monocropping with low ridging （ MC ＋ LR）. The erosion amount of IC ＋ HR was 39.39 % ,45.90 % and 67.21% lower than that of IC ＋ LR, MC ＋ HR, and MC ＋ LR, respectively. [ Conclusion] Intercropping with rid- ging was an important practice to control soil erosion, and should be implemented for the sustainable agricultural development in hilly regions.

关 键 词：间作 起垄 径流量 侵蚀量 降雨强度 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]