合同解释辨  

On the Interpretation of Contract

作　　者：崔建远[1] CUI Jianyuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2018年第4期60-77,共18页Law and Economy

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目"法学方法论与中国民商法研究"(项目编号:13AZD065);清华大学自主科研计划课题"中国民法典编纂重大理论问题研究"(项目编号:2015THZWJC01)

摘　　要：合同解释是为确定当事人共同的意思,对合同(包括合同主体、合同形式、合同书上的印章)及相关资料的含义作分析和说明。不论合同用语是否清楚,均须解释。意思表示虽为合同的核心要素但不可称其为合同,故意思表示解释与合同解释既有相同点,又至少有九个方面的区别。解释单独行为所探求的只是该行为人的意思,在有相对人的场合采客观主义,在无相对人的场合采主观主义。在解释属于契约类型的合同时,须同时关注各方当事人的目的,该目的时常是该方当事人的动机,在少数情况下是典型的交易目的。在解释决议行为时,须确定全体决议人的共同目的,并将该目的与各决议人的动机相区分。合同解释与法律解释在合宪性要求、目的探求、漏洞补充等八个方面均有不同。Interpretation of contract,aiming at determining the mutual or common will of contractual parties,is to analyze and to explain the content of contract（including contractual parties,the form of contract,and the seal on written contract）and relevant materials.It is necessary to interpret the contract no matter whether the contract is clear on spot.Declaration of will is the core element of contract,but not equal to the contract.There are not only common features,but also at least nine aspects of differences between them.When interpreting unilateral juristic acts,it is the will of the behavior that should be explored,the objectivism applies in the case that there is a counterparty,while the subjectivism applies in the case that there is none of counterparty.When interpreting the agreement,it is necessary to consider the purpose of each contractual party,which is the motive in normal case,or the typical purpose of transaction in a few case.When interpreting the resolution,it is necessary to determine the common purpose of all behaviors,and to differentiate it from the specific motive of each behavior.There are eight aspects of differences,including the conformity with the constitution,the exploration of purpose,and the gap filling,between interpretation of contract and interpretation of law.

关 键 词：合同解释 法律解释 条款 单独行为 决议行为 

分 类 号：DF525[政治法律—民商法学]