基于线性规划模型的河流水环境容量分配研究  

Investigation of the river water environment capacity allocation by using linear programming model

作　　者：荆海晓[1] 李小宝 房怀阳[2] 刘长根 JING Haixiao;LI Xiaobao;FANG Huaiyang;LIU Changgen(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi＇an University of Technology,Xi＇an 710048,China;South China Institute of Environmental Science,MEP,Guangzhou 510535,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510535 [3]天津大学机械工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2018年第3期34-38,44,共6页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51579206);国家科技重大专项(2009ZX07209-001)

摘　　要：以北运河为例,基于水动力及水质模型和年平均流量及排污数据,选取污染物中所占比重较大的化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮(NH_3—N)两个污染物因子,计算得到了北运河各支流及点源与控制断面之间的响应矩阵,在此基础上,采用线性规划模型对各点源或支流的水环境容量进行了优化分配。结果表明:北运河干流各点源及支流分配容量均为负值,需要采取措施进行削减,其中COD的平均削减率在30%~50%之间,而NH_3—N的平均削减率在40%~70%之间。在河流水环境容量分配问题的研究中,线性规划模型具有较好的适用性,是一种有效的优化方法。To investigate the allocation of water environment capacity in Northern Canal,based on hydrodynamic and water quality models and the collected annual averaged discharge and related pollutant data,two main pollutant factors,that is,COD and NH3—N,are chosen to calculate the response matrix between the tributaries of the North Canal and point sources and control sections. Then,linear programming（ LP） model is used to optimize the allocation of water environment capacity at each point sources or tributaries. The results indicate that the allocated amounts of capacity at all point sources or tributaries are negative,which need to be cut down by adopting appropriate measures. The average reduction rate of COD is about 30% - 50%,while this value is in the range of 40% - 70% for NH3—N. Besides,linear programming method is proven to be suitable for the allocation of water environment capacity of rivers and can be one of useful tools for this problem.

关 键 词：线性规划模型 响应矩阵 水环境容量 北运河 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X26