2356名作业人员口腔面部病损检出情况分析  

Oral and facial lesions of 2356 workers detected by occupational health examination

作　　者：覃静[1] 练思玲 李宗杰[1] 方晓阳[1] QIN Jing;LIAN Siling;LI Zongjie;FANG Xiaoyang(Jiangmen Occupational Disease Control lnstitute,Jiangmen,Guangdong 529000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省江门市职业病防治所,广东江门529000

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2018年第4期299-304,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：[目的]明确职业健康监护中口腔科常规检查方法和内容,及时发现职业人群的口腔面部病损,为实施早期干预做参考。[方法]在2017年4月—6月对19家企业和部分事业单位在岗人员共2 356人进行职业健康体检,采用口腔基本检查方法,按程序检查口腔不同部位和组织,以口腔科常见病、系统性疾病的口腔面部病损、职业病危害因素致口腔面部病损为检查重点内容;结合受检者接触的职业病危害因素,对结果进行分析。[结果]2 356名受检者中,自述口腔局部不适52人,占2.21%;口腔面部单项病损累计达1 213例,可能与所接触职业病危害因素相关的病损有296例。噪声作业人员牙周结石、牙周炎检出率8.94%,口腔黏膜溃疡检出率0.99%;粉尘作业人员牙周结石、牙周炎检出率19.10%,粉尘作业与噪声作业人员牙周结石、牙周炎检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。酸酐、硫酸、三氧化硫作业人员口腔黏膜溃疡检出率12.22%,高于噪声作业人员检出率(P<0.01)。接触粉尘作业人员口腔面部病损检出率为18.83%,接触化学物质作业人员口腔面部病损检出率为14.97%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组人员口腔面部病损检出率均有随工龄增加而增长的趋势(P<0.05)。[结论]多种职业病危害因素均能影响职业人群口腔组织健康。体检人员检查时应规范化操作,了解受检者的职业病危害接触史,综合评价职业相关口腔面部病损,以提高职业健康监护的质量。[Objective] To clarify the routine stomatological examination methods and contents in the occupational health surveillance,and to find out the oral and facial lesions in time and take early intervention for workers. [Methods] A total of2 356 persons from 19 enterprises or institutes who participated in occupational physical examination during April to June in2017 were received stomatological examination. The basic oral examination methods were used to check the tissues or parts of the oral cavity, emphasizing the common oral diseases, oral and facial lesions caused by systemic diseases and specific lesions induced by occupational hazards. [Results] Among the 2 356 subjects,52 people reported oral discomfort,accounting for2.21%;1 213 persons had at least single lesion in oral part and/or facial part,among which 296 cases had history of exposure to occupational hazards. The detection rate of periodontal calculus or periodontitis was 8.94% in noise-exposed workers and 19.10%in dust-exposed workers,with a statistical difference between them（P〈0.01）. The detection rate of oral mucosal ulcers was12.22% in workers exposed to anhydride, sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide and 0.99% in noise-exposed workers, with a statistical difference between them（P〈0.01）. Totally,18.83% dust-exposed workers and 14.97% workers exposed to chemical substances suffered with oral and facial lesions and there was a statistical difference between them（P〈0.05）. There was a trend that the morbidity increased with the employed（exposure） time（P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Various occupational hazards could cause the oral and facial health problems. The medical staff should standardize the health examination procedures, understand the occupational exposure history of the examinee,and evaluate the occupational related oral facial lesions comprehensively, to improve the quality of occupational health surveillance.

关 键 词：口腔检查 职业病 口腔面部病损 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]