六棱大麦种质表型遗传多样性评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Six-rowed Barley Germplasm

作　　者：刘亚楠 潘雨涵 郭晖 朱明超 文正怀[2,4] 吕超 郭宝健[1] 许如根[1] LIU Ya-nan;PAN Yu-han;GUO Hui;ZHU Ming-chao;WEN Zheng-huai;LV Chao;GUO Bao-jian;XU Ru-gen(l.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Barley Research Institution of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 22500;Jiangsu Tianfeng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd,Huaian 223001;Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Reclamation and Development Corporation,Nanjing 210008;Huaian Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu,Huaian 223001)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/教育部植物功能基因组学重点实验室/扬州大学大麦研究所,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏天丰种业有限公司,淮安223001 [3]江苏农垦农业发展股份有限公司,南京210008 [4]淮安市农业科学研究院,淮安223001

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2018年第5期846-856,共11页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571648);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-05);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

摘　　要：为探究六棱大麦种质资源的遗传多样性,提高六棱大麦育种组合选配的针对性和育种效率。以来自国内外的89份六棱大麦种质为材料,考察了3个不同环境下参试材料的株高、穗下节间长、穗长、主穗粒数、单株穗数、千粒重、单株粒重、单株生物重等8个性状,综合参试材料3个不同环境的表现,通过变异系数及遗传多样性指数分析参试材料的遗传多样性,通过主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对参试六棱大麦种质进行了综合评价。结果表明:(1)六棱大麦的穗长、单株粒重2个性状变异较丰富,株型性状与穗粒数变异系数较小,六棱大麦育种的增益效应主要体现在穗长和粒重的适度增加;(2)六棱皮大麦与六棱裸大麦仅在千粒重性状上差异显著,六棱皮大麦各性状多样性指数普遍高于六棱裸大麦;(3)参试六棱大麦种质分为5类,其中第4类基本均为中国地方种质,分布广泛,但遗传距离较近;其他4类为国内外选育的种质,各具特性;(4)利用主成分二维排序分析筛选到以高产为基础,分别兼具矮秆、长穗且分蘖能力强、大粒及高生物重的4类优异种质;基于主成分构建了六棱大麦种质资源的综合评价方程。Exploring the genetic diversity of six-rowed barley germplasm resources could provide information in selection of parental lines and cross combinations,finally improving the breeding efficiency in six-rowed barley. In this study,eighty-nine six-rowed barley accessions,including domestic and foreign cultivars,were employed as materials to survey eight major agronomic traits（ plant height,internode length below spike,spike length,grain number per spike,spike number per plant,thousand-kernel weight,grain weight per plant and biomass per plant） under three different environmental conditions. We conducted the genetic diversity analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis of these eight traits. The results showed that：（ 1） The grain weight per plant showed broader variation,while the traits,including plant type and grain number per spike,displayed narrowed genetic variation to theothers. The increases on spike length and grain weight in six-rowed varieties were observed.（ 2） The thousand grain weight and the genetic diversity index were significantly higher in hulled vs. hulless barley.（ 3） The tested accessions were divided into five categories. The fifth category was the landraces of China,which was widely distributed but displayed a relatively close genetic distance among them. The other four categories were cultivars post breeding,and each had their own characteristics.（ 4） Based on the analysis of principal component and the scatter plot,four excellent types of germplasm were obtained,which behaved large grain and high production,and at the same time they contained four types（ dwarf,long spike and strong tillering ability,big grain,and high biomass） respectively.Thus,this work provided an evaluation equation valuable in use of six-rowed barley germplasm in barley breeding.

关 键 词：六棱大麦 种质资源 遗传多样性 评价 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]