巴西橡胶树次生乳管分化能力的早期评价方法研究  

Early Evaluation Method of Secondary Laticifer Differentiation Ability in Hevea brasiliensis

作　　者：张世鑫[1] 刘宁涛 杨署光[1] 陈月异[1] 晁金泉[1] 田维敏[1] ZHANG Shixin;LIU Ningtao;YANG Shuguang;CHEN Yueyi;CHAO Jinquan;TIAN Weimin(Rubber Research Institute,CATAS / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree,Ministry of Agricul-ture/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation ＆ Physiology of Tropical Crops,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验,海南儋州571737 [2]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2018年第7期1266-1275,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家天然橡胶产业体系(No.CARS-34-GW1);中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所基本业务费(No.1630022016003);海南省自然科学基金(No.0217003)

摘　　要：天然橡胶产量是通过测量割胶收集从次生乳管中流出的胶乳而得到,具有连续收获和累进计产的特点,这也是目前橡胶树的产量构成性状难于剖析和橡胶树产量育种周期长且效率低的主要原因。橡胶树次生乳管分化能力是决定橡胶产量的关键因子之一,通过对幼树的次生乳管分化能力进行早期预测对于缩短橡胶树产量育种周期具有重要意义。本研究采用实验形态学技术,以不同树龄和不同次生乳管分化能力的橡胶树种质为材料,系统地分析机械伤害、割胶和茉莉酸类物质处理对其次生乳管分化能力的影响。研究发现,割胶处理相同种质的二年生幼树与八年生成龄未开割树,得到次生乳管分化能力的效应是一致的,所以使用二年生幼树就可以较好地区分出橡胶树种质间的次生乳管分化能力差异。因此,割胶处理二年生幼树的方法可以作为橡胶树次生乳管分化能力的早期评价的有效方法。这些研究结果不仅丰富了橡胶树产胶潜力的早期预测技术,而且为产胶潜力相关分子标记研发打下良好基础。In natural rubber production, latex flows out of the severed secondary laticifer caused by tapping（cutting the laticifer in trunk bark） and is collected as the raw material for refining natural rubber. The secondary differentiation ability is one of the key factors to determine the latex yield in rubber tree. Therefore, the early prediction of secondary laticifer differentiation for young tree has a significant meaning to shorten the yield breeding cycle in Hevea. To achieve this goal, this study analyzed the difference in laticifer differentiation ability among Hevea germplasm with different ages, treated by mechanical wounding, tapping and jasmonates using experimental morphological techniques. It was found that a significant similarity existed in the laticifer differentiation ability of either the two-year-old germplasm or the eight-year-old germplasm. And moreover, the laticifer differentiation ability of 84% two-year-old germplasm was in accordance with the corresponding 8-year-old virgin trees under test-tapping condition. Therefore, the method of test-tapping treatment for two-year-old germplasm could be used as an effective method to the early evaluation of secondary laticifer differentiation ability. The results not only enrich the early selection technology of latex yield potential breeding, but also lay a good foundation for the research on molecular markers associated with latex yield potential breeding.

关 键 词：巴西橡胶树 产量育种 早期预测 乳管分化能力 茉莉酸信号 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]