唐代後宫女官研究——宫官制度及其演變與影響  

A Study on Female Officials at the Palace of the Tang Dynasty:Kung-Kuan System and its Evolution and Influence

作　　者：羅彤華 

机构地区：[1]臺灣政治大學歷史系

出　　处：《中华文史论丛》2018年第3期27-70,共44页Journal of Chinese Literature and History

摘　　要：宫官是後宫女官的專稱,原本是侍奉后妃的女性職官,她們上承后妃指令,下督宫女實作,是後宫的管理階層。但宫官的功能在擴大中,或被派遣出宫辦事,或參與政務,或侍候文案,與原本職能已有所不同。宫官的名號亦時有變動,新名號頻頻出現,顯示後宫女官正在醞讓新的體系。由於宫官不需以色侍人,所以不在乎年輕貌美,而以能力、品德爲重要考量,有些人甚至是孀婦。爲了滿足宫中的各類需求,宫廷教育非常重要,宫官有時扮演施教者的角色。唐朝的宫官勢力在女主專政時最顯著,武則天選召才婦入宫任職,協助處理政務;韋后時期的宫官則干預國政,影響朝局。此外,宫官甚至因長於議論而涉入政爭。宫官雖然隱身宫廷內,但在政治上仍有某種程度的影響力。Kung-Kuan(宫官)is another name for the female officials at the palace.The former duty of the palace female official was to serve the empress and the concubines.They announced instructions ordered by the empress and the concubines and supervised the practice of the palace maidens;they were the management of the imperial harem.The functions of the palace female officials were expanding.They were dispatched to run errands outside the palace,participate in government affairs,or wait on the emperor at the desk while he was writing.Their duties now were different from their original duties.The name of the palace female officials was subject to change;new titles frequently appeared showing that the female officials of the imperial harem were fabricating a new system.Because the palace female officials did not utilize their appearances to serve the emperor,and they were not required to be young or pretty.Their abilities and characters thus became essential considerations;some female officials were even widows.To meet the various needs of the palace,the court education was extremely important.Palace female officials sometimes played the role of an instructor.The power of the palace female officials during the Tang Dynasty showed its significance when female queens dictates the political scene.Wu Zetian selected and called talented women into the palace to obtain a job and assist in dealing with administrative affairs.During Empress Wei's period,the palace female officials then intervened with governmental affairs and impacted the political situation.In addition,they even discussed the governmental issues on a long term basis and thus became involved in political factions and power struggle.Although palace female officials stayed quietly inside the court,they continued to possess some degrees of political influence.

关 键 词：唐代 宫官制度 宫廷教育 政治待遇 宫廷政治 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]