基于行为安全理论船舶溢油污染的人为因素研究  

Study on Human Factors of Ship Oil Spill Pollution Based on Behavioral Safety Theory

作　　者：张继平 赵霞飞 李强华 Zhang Jiping;Zhao Xiafei;Li Qianghua(College of Marine Culture and Law,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋文化与法律学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第5期62-67,共6页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：船舶溢油污染事故对海洋环境造成了严重的危害,而事故的发生主要是由人为因素中的不安全行为所导致。通过对相关船舶溢油污染事故的分析发现,船员的不安全行为主要有装油作业操作失误、航行中操作不规范和卸油作业操作不当;究其原因,海事机构监管不严,航运公司管理不到位和教育培训机构忽视船员培训质量,最终导致船员不安全行为的产生;要对船员的不安全行为进行纠偏,需要加强海事机构的监督管理,加强航运公司对船员的管理和提高教育培训机构对船员的培训质量,以减少船员不安全行为的产生,保障船舶的安全。The ship oil spillaccidents have caused serious harm to the marine environment, and the unsafe human behaviors are the main factors.According to the analysis of the ship oil spill accidents, we find that the crew has some unsafe behaviors includingoil loadingoperational error, improper operation of sailing and unsafebehavior of unloading oil. The main causesof such acts are that the supervision of the maritime agency is lax, the management of the shipping companies is not in place, and the training institutions ignore the training quality of the crew, which ultimately lead to their unsafe behaviors. To correct the conduct, it is necessary to strengthen the supervisionof the maritime agency, to enhance the management quality of shipping companies and improve the training provided by the traininginstitutions, so that the crew unsafe acts can be reduced to safeguard the shipping safety.

关 键 词：行为安全理论 船舶溢油污染 人为因素 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]