538例医务人员职业暴露调查和分布特征  

Investigation and Distribution of Occupational Exposure of 538 Cases of Medical Staff

作　　者：许蓓妮[1] 陈敏珊[1] 高月婵[1] 兰勇[1] Xu Beini;Chen Minshan;Gao Yuechan;Lan Yong(Department of Infection-control,Jiangmen Central Hospital,Jiangmen 529030,China)

机构地区：[1]江门市中心医院医院感染管理科,广东江门529030

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2018年第18期3276-3279,共4页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：目的分析2014年1月至2017年12月江门市中心医院538例医务人员职业暴露的分布特征,为减少职业暴露,保护医务人员健康提供理论依据。方法对江门市中心医院2014年1月至2017年12月发生过职业暴露的538例医护务人员的年龄、性别、职业、科室、暴露的部位、时机、原因、形式、暴露源种类、职业暴露培训参与情况进行调查统计,明确职业暴露分布特征。结果发生职业暴露的医务人员中,女性占83.83%(451/538),≤30岁医务人员占74.72%(402/538),护士占74.91%(403/538)。内科系统占48.51%(261/538),外科系统占32.71%(176/538)。暴露部位为手部者占89.96%(484/538);拔除动静脉针时发生职业暴露者占36.80%(198/538),丢弃或收集医疗废物时发生职业暴露者占26.95%(145/538);暴露原因为各种操作不当者占82.71%(445/538);暴露形式为针刺或割伤者占96.65%(520/538);非血源性暴露者占44.61%(240/538),血源性暴露占38.48%(207/538),血源性暴露源为乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)者占73.91%(153/207)。接受过系统职业暴露培训的人员占38.66%(208/538),接受过部分职业暴露培训的人员占61.34%(330/538)。结论发生职业暴露的538例医务人员中,女性、≤30岁、护士、内科系统、仅接受过部分职业暴露培训者占比较大,暴露部位以手部居多,职业暴露发生时机以拔除动静脉针和丢弃或收集医疗废物时为主,职业暴露的主要原因为各种操作不当,暴露形式以针刺或割伤为主,非血源性暴露较血源性暴露占比稍大,血源性暴露源以HBV为主。Objective To analyze the distribution of occupational exposure of 538 medical staff in Jiangmen CentralHospital from January- 2014 to December 2017, and provide theoretical basis for reducing occupational exposure and protecting the health of medical staff. Methods Investigate the age, gender, occupation, department, exposed parts, timing, causes, forms, types of exposure sources, and participation in occupational exposure training of 538 medical staff who had occupational exposure from January- 2014 to December 2017 in Jiangmen Central Hospital. Describe the distribution of occupational exposures. Results Among the medical staff who experienced occupational exposure, women accounted for 83.83% （451/538） , medical staff aged 30 or older accounted for 74. 72% （402/538）, and nurses accounted for 74. 91% （403/538）. Staff from internal medicine system accounted for 48.51% （261/538）, and staff from surgical system accounted for 32.71% （176/538）. 89. 96% （484/538） of the exposed parts were hands. 36. 80% （198/538） of occupational exposure happened when medical staff removing the arteriovenous needles, and 26. 95% （145/538） happened when medical staff discarding or collecting medical waste. 82. 71% （445/538） of reasons of exposures were improper operation. 96. 65% （520/538） of the exposed form is acupuncture or cut. Non- blood exposure accounted for 44. 61% （240/538）, and blood -borne exposure accounted for 38.48% （207/538）. 73.91% （153/207） of the blood- borne exposure sources were hepatitis B virus （HBV）. 38.66% （208/538） of the staff received systematic occupational exposure training, and 61.34% （330/538） received part of occupational exposure training. Conclusion Among the 538 medical personnel who experienced occupational exposure, females, nurses, and staff who were ≤ 30 years old, from internal medicine systems, or only received part of occupational exposure training accounted for a large proportion. The exposed parts are mostly hands. Occupational

关 键 词：职业暴露 分布特征 预防 培训 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]