“吃饱比天大”:伦理批评与美国非裔文学（英文）  

“Bellies are Basic”: Ethical Criticism and African American Literature

作　　者：史蒂文?特雷西 Steven Carl Tracy(Distinguished Professor of Afro-American Studies and literature at University of Massachusetts Amherst,US)

机构地区：[1]美国马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校

出　　处：《外国语文研究》2018年第4期1-8,共8页Foreign Language and Literature Research

摘　　要：美国非裔长期以来受到各种各样的非人对待,在文学作品中常常被刻画为变态的形象,因此,对于那些把他们类型化的文学作品,他们完全有理由运用平等的声音来加以评价。种族主义、性别主义、年龄主义,无论人们多么优雅或多么专一地支持,它们对人性都具有破坏性。然而,伦理批评在重新发现美国非裔文学传统起到了关键作用。例如,20世纪70年代,伦理批评为重新确立菲莉丝?惠特利对于具有革命性的美国非裔文学传统的地位作出了贡献,突显了表面顺从的惠特利如何操纵面具而行抗议之实。在伦理批评的视角下,美国非裔作家在文学样式、风格、模式上的选择都可视为伦理抉择。而将伦理艺术和伦理批评呈现给民众的最有效方法则是兰斯顿?休斯在20世纪40年代的激进作品乃至他的所有作品中运用的却又饱受批评的策略。他的风格表面简朴,与20世纪占主导地位的现代主义路径不相兼容,却能以其伦理力量直达人心,原因就是他的作品易于理解,且深藏人文主义的伦理目标。African Americans, having been brutalized over a long time in a variety of manners, including perverted literary portrayals, have the right to have an equal voice in commenting upon literature that typifes them. Racism, sexism, ageism, no matter how elegantly or grippingly espoused, are still destructive to humanity. However, ethical criticism played a vital role in re-discovery of African American literary tradition. In the 1970s, ethical criticism helped re-claim Phillis Wheatley for the revolutionary African American literary tradition by showing how the seemingly capitulating Wheatley manipulates a mask from behind which she protests her treatment. In the perspective of ethical criticism, the choices of genre, style, and mode by many African American writers can be seen as ethical decisions. The best way to reach the people with ethical art and ethical criticism is the strategy for which Langston Hughes has been criticized in both his more radical work of the 1940s and the entire of his oeuvre. His surface simplicity fies in the face of the predominant modernist approach of the 20th century, yet reaches more people ethically, at the levels at which they understand his literature, and with an ethical humanistic goal at its core.

关 键 词：伦理批评 美国非裔文学 人性 文学传统 

分 类 号：I712.06[文学—其他各国文学]