英汉语位移运动事件中的移动体:以多参照物构式为例  

Figures in English and Chinese motion events:The case of motion events containing two or more grounds

作　　者：郑国锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学外语学院,上海200237

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2018年第3期1-6,共6页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

摘　　要：移动体是位移运动事件信息的源头,往往是事件的核心所在,移动体对于事件的认知和表征起着重要作用,但相较于其它运动事件要素,移动体迄今没有得到深入细致的定量研究。通过对含有两个及以上参照物的英汉语位移运动事件构式自建语料库的定量分析,我们从移动体的生命度、移动性、组合性以及移动体与话题/主语的互动等四个方面全面、系统地论述了英汉语中的移动体。我们发现,英汉语移动体在以上四个性属方面展示的相似多于差异,主要体现在:接近70%英汉语移动体为有生,30%左右的移动体为无生;可移性是成为移动体的重要条件,但不是必要条件;94%以上的移动体为单独移动体,复合移动体可以分为关系平行型和致使移动体;在英汉语中85%的主语/话题由移动体充当,非移动体主语/话题仅有15%。汉语里,非移动体主语/话题主要出现在虚拟运动构式中,英语里,非移动体主语/话题主要出现在真实运动构式中。另外,在非移动体主语/话题构式中,英汉语使用者还利用移动体融合构式表达自己在客观世界里的运动体验。本研究准确描写了位移移动体,深化了运动事件的跨语言研究。Figure is regarded as the information center of a motion event and functions significantly in cognizing and representing events,but it has not yet received equal and fair quantitative treatment like the other elements.Depending on the parallel English-Chinese translational corpus of motion event constructions containing two or more grounds,we carry out systematically a comprehensive analysis of figures in English and Chinese motion events in terms of animacy,movability,compositeness,and the interaction between figures and subjects/topics.We find that 70% English and Chinese figures are animate,about 30% are inanimate.Movability counts as an important factor to be a figure,but not a necessary one.85% subjects/topics in English and Chinese are realized by figures,non-figure subjects/topics account for only 15%.Besides,these non-figure subjects/topics generally make appearance in fictive constructions in Chinese,and in factive constructions in English.Besides,English and Chinese speakers employ figure-conflating constructions to express their motion experience in the world in non-figure subject/topic constructions.We thus conclude that English and Chinese figures possess more similarities than dissimilarities in the aforesaid aspects.With this study on figures we believe we have advanced motion event research crosslinguistically.

关 键 词：移动体 生命度 移动性 组合性 主语/话题 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]