红壤坡地栽植日本野漆树施用石灰效应试验  

Effect of limes on Japanese Rhus succedanea planted on red soil slope

作　　者：谢庭生[1] 谢树春[2] 赵玲[3] XIE Tingsheng;XIE Shuchun;ZHAO Ling(Hunan Institute of Economic Geography,Changsha 421001,Hunan;Chin;2.College of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,Hunan,Chin;3.College of Geosciences and Info-physics,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省经济地理研究所,湖南长沙421001 [2]长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [3]中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《经济林研究》2018年第3期25-31,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(2014-41271192);湖南省科技支撑计划项目(2009T4013)

摘　　要：为给日本野漆树适栽土壤条件的研究提供科学依据,在栽植日本野漆树的红壤坡地上,就石灰的不同施用量对日本野漆树生长发育的影响情况开展了小区试验,定期观测了日本野漆树的成活率、保存率、物候期、生长速度、病虫害情况、漆籽产量与质量。结果表明:与不施用石灰的日本野漆树相比,施用石灰的日本野漆树其存活率提高了4%~14%,其保存率提高了4%~18%;施用石灰的日本野漆树其芽萌动期、展叶期、始花期均提早4~7 d,而其谢花期、初熟期、完熟期均晚3~4 d,而其始落叶期、终落叶期均晚15~30 d;施用石灰的4年生树高增长4.4~16.2 cm,增幅为1.5%~5.5%;其地径增粗0.41~0.56 cm,增幅为10.6%~14.5%;其冠径增长1.3~10.1 cm,增幅为0.4%~3.3%;漆树实际占有的体积(空间)增大828.4~1 313.9 cm3,增幅为24.15%~38.3%;施用石灰的日本野漆树其病虫害发生率低11.5%,其1级受害植株数占受害植株总数的比例高11.5%;施用石灰的日本野漆树栽后第4年的结实率高8.1%,而其漆籽产量高19.2%;其含蜡率、木蜡融点分别提高9.5%、0.2℃。综合各项效应分析认为,日本野漆树栽植土壤的适宜p H值在5.5左右,在板页岩红壤上栽植日本野漆树需施用石灰,石灰的施用量宜为700 kg·hm-2。In order to study the effect of lime on Japanese Rhus succedanea＇s growth and development, this research carried out a plot trial on a red soil sloping field where grew Japanese Rhus succedanea in terms of the application of lime, and made a regular observation of the Japanese Rhus succedanea＇ survival rate, preservation rate, phenology, growth rate, disease and pest, seed yield and seed quality. The results showed that： compared with no application of lime, （1） the Rhus succedanea＇s survival rate increased by 4-14% and the preservation rate increased by 4-18% with the application of lime; （2） the bud germinatnig stage, leaf spreading stage and beginning florescence were 4-7 days earlier, the flowering period, initial maturity and late maturity were 3-4 days later, and the first defoliation stage and the last defoliation stage were 15-30 days later. （3） the four-year-old trees＇ height increased 4.4-16.2 cm by 1.5%-5.5%; their ground diameter increased 0.41-0.56 cm by 10.6%-14.5%; their crown diameter increased 1.3-10.1 cm by 0.4%-3.3%; and their actual occupied volume （space） increased 828.4-1 313.9 cm3 by 24.15-38.3%. （4） the incidence of diseases and insect pests was 11.5% lower, and among the affected plants, the proportion of the first-degree affected plants accounted for the total number increased by 11.5%. （5） in the fourth planting year, the seeding rate was 8.1% higher and the seed yield was 19.2% more; the wax content and melting point were increased by 9.5% and 0.2℃ respectively. In the best two treatments of the above five effects, the pH quick measured value in the soil was 5.0-5.4, therefore, it can be thought thatthe suitable soil pH value for Rhus succedanea is around 5.5, and lime is needed for the planting ofRhus succedanea in red soil, with the method of hole fertilization and the application amount of 700 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：日本野漆树 板页岩红壤坡地 施用石灰 效应 

分 类 号：S794.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]