黄土高原丘陵沟壑区梨园垄沟覆地布效应的研究  

Research on the ridge-furrow polypropylene film mulching effects of pear orchard in hilly and gully region of Loess plateau

作　　者：任小云[1] 冯新新 宋宇琴[1] 袁宏霞 田彩芳[1] 李六林[1] REN Xiaoyun;FENG Xinxin;SONG Yuqin;YUAN Hongxia;TIAN Caifang;LI Liulin(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《经济林研究》2018年第3期107-113,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划一般项目(农业)(201703D221015-1;201703D221015-2);山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211001-04)

摘　　要：以18年生‘酥梨’为试材,探究垄沟地布覆盖对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区旱地梨园不同土层土壤含水量、土壤水分相对盈余指数、枝条导水率、光合特性参数、树体营养生长以及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,垄沟地布覆盖可有效提高土壤含水量,各土层土壤水分相对盈余指数均为正数,同时,显著增加了梨树枝条叶比导水率、叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量;梨树叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和水分利用效率(WUE)均显著上升。与对照相比,垄沟地布覆盖可显著促进梨树新梢生长、叶面积增大和叶干质量增加。经垄沟地布覆盖处理后果实VC含量、横径及单株产量均显著提高,分别较对照提高了35%、3.7%和21.6%,可溶性固形物则明显降低,而可滴定酸、固酸比和果实硬度无显著差异。因此,在旱作区可利用垄沟覆地布良好的蓄水保墒能力,改善树体营养生长,最终达到增加果实产量和提高果实品质的效果。Taking 18-year-old ＇Su pear＇ trees as test material, to explore the effect of Ridge-furrow Polypropylene Film Mulching （RFM） on soil moisture content （0-160 era）, the compared soil water surplus index （CSWSIi）, branches hydraulic conductivity, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, vegetative growth, fi-uit yield and quality of pear orchard in hilly and gully region of Loess Plateau. The results showed that the soil water content of RFM was significantly higher compared with the controlled group （CK）, and the values of CSWSIi was positive number in different soil layer depths. Meanwhile, RFM significantly increased the leaf area specific conductance, relative water content of leaf and chlorophyll content. The result of gas exchange parameters showed that RFM could greatly increased the photosynthesis rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, transpiration rate （Tr） and water use efficiency （WUE） of pear leaves. Compared with CK, the new-tip length, new-tip diameter, leaf area and dry weight of leaf were improved significantly. Vc content, fruit transverse diameter and fruit yield under RFM respectively increased by 35%, 3.7% and 21.6% compared with CK, RFM decreased fruit soluble solids contents significantly. By contrast, titratable acid, solid acid ratio and hardness were not significantly different among treatments. Therefore, the appliance of RFM technology in the arid agricultural region can improve the growth of pear trees, and increase the yield and quality of pears, due to its ability of storage and preservation of soil moisture.

关 键 词：梨园 垄沟地布覆盖 土壤水分 枝条导水率 丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：S759.3[农业科学—森林经理学] S661.2[农业科学—林学]