农业劳动力老龄化对劳动密集型农产品生产效率的影响——基于陕、甘745个苹果户的实证研究  

The Impact of Agricultural Labor Aging on Productivity of Labor-Intensive Agricultural Products——An Empirical Analysis Based on 745 Apple Farmer Households of Shaanxi and Gansu Province

作　　者：乔志霞[1,2,3] 霍学喜 张宝文[1,2] QIAO Zhi-xia;HUO Xue-xi;ZHANG Bao-wen(College of Economics ＆ Management,Northwest A＆ F University,Yangling 712100,China;Center of Western Rural Development,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Finance and Economics,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学西部农村发展研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]甘肃农业大学财经学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《经济经纬》2018年第5期73-79,共7页Economic Survey

基　　金：国家科技重点项目(CARS-28);国家自然科学基金项目(71573211);甘肃省科技厅软科学项目(1604ZCRA018)

摘　　要：基于陕、甘745个苹果户数据,利用DEA-Tobit模型,研究农业劳动力老龄化对劳动密集型农产品生产效率的影响,结果表明:苹果户生产效率偏低,仅为0.476,主要原因是纯技术效率不高,劳动投入多,现代生产要素作用有限;决策者年龄以50~54岁为阈值,与生产效率呈先上升后下降的倒U形关系,家庭老龄化程度负向影响生产效率。以上研究结论的政策启示是,应通过增强省力化技术研发与推广、推动土地流转、向农户投资、完善公共设施与金融支持等措施,化解农业劳动力老龄化对生产效率的不利影响。Based on data of 745 apple farmer households of Shaanxi and Gansu province,this paper studies the influence of agricultural labor aging on the productivity of labor-intensive agricultural products by using DEA-Tobit model. Results show that： The productivity of apple farmer household production efficiency is as low as 0. 476; The main reasons are low pure technical efficiency,excessive amount of labor input and limited effect of modern productive factors; With the age group of 50-54 as a threshold,the relationship between decision-makers＇ age and productivity presents an inverted-U shape,increasing first and decreasing after the threshold age,which shows that the degree of family aging negatively affects productivity. Therefore,to offset the negative influence of agricultural labor aging on productivity,a number of measures should be combined,such as enhancing the RD of labor-saving technology,promoting land transfer,investing in farmers,improving infrastructure and financial support etc.

关 键 词：农业劳动力老龄化 生产效率 劳动密集型农产品 DEA-TOBIT模型 

分 类 号：F325.7[经济管理—产业经济]