苹果小吉丁虫(Agrilus mali Matsumura)对野苹果林的危害及其评估  

Damage of Agrilus mali Matsumura in Wild Apple Forest and Its Assessment

作　　者：崔志军 张彦龙[3] 罗朝辉[1] 马怀亮 吕昭智[1] CUI Zhi-jun;ZHANG Yan-long;LUO Zhao-hui;MA Huai-liang;LV Zhao-zhi(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Protection,State Forestry Administration;Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection Research,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,Chin;4.Gongliu Forestry Bureau,Gongliu 835400,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [4]伊犁巩留县林业局,新疆乌鲁木齐835400

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第5期1153-1159,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点科研项目(2016YFC0501502);中国科学院“西部之光”项目(XBBS201307)资助

摘　　要：苹果小吉丁虫（Agrilus mali Matsumura）自1995年入侵以来,对新疆天山北坡的野苹果林造成了巨大的威胁,但在区域尺度上的危害缺乏系统的评估。选取野苹果林典型分布区——新源县（新源改良场、八连、萨哈）和巩留县（交勒赛、小莫合、大莫合、二乡）进行试验观测,统计样地内每棵野苹果树的受害等级、果实产量、受害枝条的旧羽化孔密度等指标。结果表明：新源改良场受害最为严重,交勒赛、二乡和大莫合受害最轻;各调查点间果实产量和苹果小吉丁虫的旧羽化孔密度差异显著;在管理强度高的栽培果园内,苹果小吉丁虫的危害较轻。建议在危害严重区域（如新源）采用人工修剪措施;在适合飞机飞行的区域（如小莫合和大莫合）采用航空防治;在高山区建立围栏保护防治措施（如二乡和八连）;在人工容易到达或者适合人工作业的地方,采用生物防治和人工修剪措施（交勒赛和萨哈）。Agrilus mali Matsumura causes a severe damage to the wild apple forests in the north Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang since an invasion of insect pests from 1995. However,an assessment on the regional damage of insect pests is missed. In this study,the damage level of A. mali Matsumura and its impacts on the wild apple forests,fruit yield,old emergence hole density,etc. of wild apple trees in Xinyuan and Gongliu counties,where the wild apple trees grow widely,Xinjiang,were investigated. It was found that the damage of insect pests was the most serious in the Agricultural Improvement Farm in Xinyuan County,but it was the lightest in Jiaolesai,Second township and Damohe. There was a significant difference in the old emergence hole density because of the difference of A. mali Matsumura density and of fruit yield among seven sites. In apple orchards with the enhanced management,the infestation level was much lower. Therefore,it was suggested to extensively carry out the pruning at the sites with serious damage of insect pests. Insecticide spray by aircraft is thus recommended in the regions suitable for aircraft flight. Protected areas should be delimited and the pruning and bio-control programs could be applicable in the regions where local people cannot get easy access in the wild apple forests.

关 键 词：野苹果林 苹果小吉丁虫 受害等级 果实产量 羽化孔 天山北坡 新疆 

分 类 号：S436.611.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]