塔城地区棉花生育期需水量变化的气候响应  

Climate Response to Water Demand of Cotton Plant in Growing Season in Tacheng Prefecture

作　　者：薛亚荣[1] 巴特尔·巴克 罗那那 康丽娟[1] 王孟辉[1] XUE Ya-rong;Bake Batur;LUO Na-na;KANG Li-juan;WANG Meng-hui(College of Prntaculture and Environmental Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinfiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第5期1192-1198,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家国际科技合作计划资助(2010DFA92720-13);新疆维吾尔自治区土壤学重点学科项目资助

摘　　要：为了探究塔城地区棉花生育期需水量的变化趋势,进而研究其变化趋势与气象因子之间的关系,为气候变化影响下棉花的灌水排水提供理论基础和科学依据。利用塔城地区1961—2013年逐日气温、降水、日照时数、风速、相对湿度等数据进行整合运算,计算塔城地区近53 a棉花的需水量和灌溉需水量,并探究其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：（1）近53 a,塔城地区棉花需水量总体呈减少趋势,花铃期减少趋势尤为显著,气候倾向率为-1.51mm·（10a）^（-1）;棉花需水量在花铃期为103.96 mm,且高于其他生育期。（2）棉花的灌溉需水量总体上呈现出减少趋势,其中花铃期灌溉需水量最大,均值为77.79 mm,花铃期减少趋势最为明显（气候倾向率为-2.90 mm·（10a）^（-1）,P〈0.01）。（3）气象因子与棉花各生育期的需水量以及灌溉需水量之间呈现出很强的相关性,在气象因子中,对棉花灌溉需水量影响最大的是降水。In this study,the relationship between the change trend of water demand of cotton plant and the meteorological factors was lucubrated so as to explore the change trend of water demand of cotton plant in different growing seasons in Tacheng Prefecture.The purpose of the study was to provide the theoretical and scientific bases for the irrigation and drainage of cotton field under climate change.The data of daily air temperature,precipitation,sunshine duration,wind speed,relative humidity,etc.during the period from 1961 to 2013 were used to calculate the water demand and irrigation water volume of cotton plant in the study area in recent 53 years,and to explore its response to climate change.The results showed that：（1）In recent 53 years,the water demand of cotton plant in Tacheng was generally decreased,particularly at the flowering and boll setting stage.The climate tendency rate was-1.51 mm·（10a）^（-1）;the water demand of cotton plant was 103.96 mm at the flowering and boll setting stage and higher than that in other growing seasons：（2）Irrigation water volume of cotton plant was generally in a decrease trend,in which it was the highest at the flowering and boll setting stage,its average volume was 77.79 mm,and its reduction at the flowering and boll setting stage was the most obvious（the climatic tendency rate was-2.90 mm·（10a）^（-1）,P〈0.01）;（3）There was a high correlation between meteorological factors and the crop water demand and irrigation water volume in all the cotton growing seasons.Among the meteorological factors,the effect of precipitation was the most significant.

关 键 词：作物需水量 灌溉需水量 气候因子 棉花 塔城地区 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]