不同氮磷钾配比对红花玉兰幼苗生长及养分转运的影响  

Effects of different ratio of N,P,K on nutrient accumulation and translocation of Magnolia wufengensis

作　　者：施侃侃[1] 梁栋 贾忠奎[1] SHI Kankan;LIANG Dong;JIA Zhongkui(Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2018年第9期58-64,共7页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201504704)

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,研究不同氮磷钾配比和用量对红花玉兰播种幼苗的生长、养分积累、转运效率和利用率的影响,以找到最适施肥比例和用量。试验采取3因素3水平的正交设计,设9个施肥处理,以不施肥作为对照,其中氮施用量为160 mg/株(A1)、320 mg/株(A2)、480 mg/株(A3),磷施用量为80 mg/株(B1)、160 mg/株(B2)、320 mg/株(B3),钾施用量为80 mg/株(C1)、160 mg/株(C2)、320 mg/株(C3)。试验结果表明:(1)施肥对地径生长没有显著影响,能显著提高植株的苗高,比对照提高了20.8%~93.3%,施肥处理后的茎生物量均显著高于对照,提高了75.5%~206.6%,但根生物量只有4个处理显著高于对照(A2B3C1、A3B1C3、A3B2C1、A3B3C2)。(2)不同的氮磷钾配比会改变植株各器官内的养分积累,A2B3C1处理可显著提高植株氮含量,比CK提高了38.7%;A2B1C2、A1B3C3处理能够提高植株体内的磷含量,比CK提高了2.0%、6.9%;A2B3C1、A3B2C1处理能够显著提高植株体内的钾含量,比CK提高了37.8%、44.2%。(3)A2B2C3处理下,氮的转运效率最高,达到134%;A1B3C3、A2B2C3处理下,磷的转运效率较高,达到63%;A3B2C1处理下,钾的转运效最高,达到77%。(4)A2B3C1(38.7%)的氮利用率最高,A1B3C3(44.8%)的磷利用率最高,A3B2C1(44.4%)的钾利用率最高。利用主成分分析法进行综合分析,A2B3C1处理下,即施氮量320 mg/株、施磷量320 mg/株、施钾量80 mg/株,氮磷钾配比为4∶4∶1时,最有利于红花玉兰幼苗的生长。In order to find the optimal fertilization ratio and dosage for Magnolia wufengensis L., a series of field trials were designed to research the effects of nutrient accumulation and translocation. The study set up 9 fertilizer treatments by orthogonal test with 3 factors and 3 levels： contents of N with 160 mg/plant A1, 320 mg/plant A2, 480 mg/plant A3; contents of P with 80 mg/plant B1, 160 mg/plant B2, 320 mg/plant B3;contents of K with 80 mg/plant C1, 160 mg/plant C2, 320 mg/plant C3. The results indicated that：（1） Fertilization had little effect on the ground diameter. It had great effect on the above ground part, because the height and stem biomass was observably higher than CK（20.8%-93.3%,75.5%-206.6%）. But there were only 4 treatments（A2 B3 C1、A3 B1 C3、A3 B2 C1、A3 B3 C2） that were higher than CK under the roots biomass.（2） Different NPK ratio would change the accumulation of nutrients in various organs of plants.A2 B3 C1 treatment could significantly affect the nitrogen content in whole plant,while the content was 38.7% higher than CK. A2 B1 C2, A1 B3 C3 treatments of phosphorus accumulation was better than others,and there were 2.0%,6.9% higher than CK. Well A2 B3 C1, A3 B2 C1 treatments were more suitable for seeding growth under considering the accumulation of potassium, which were 37.8%, 44.2% higher than CK.（3） The difference in nutrient transport efficiency was also significant. The highest nitrogen translocation was A2 B2 C3 treatment, the highest phosphorus translocation were A1 B3 C3, A2 B2 C3, and the highest potassium translocation was A3 B2 C1.In the utilization rate, A2 B3 C1（38.7%） had the highest nitrogen use efficiency, A1 B3 C3（44.8%） had the highest phosphorus utilization rate, and A3 B2 C1（44.4%） had the highest potassium utilization rate. Overall, the treatment A2 B3 C1, which fertilization ratio was 4：4：1 and the dosage was 320 mg/plant of nitrogen, 320 mg/plant of phosphore and 80 mg/plant of potassium, was the best for the plant.

关 键 词：红花玉兰 氮磷钾配比 养分积累 运转效率 利用率 

分 类 号：S792.17[农业科学—林木遗传育种]