日本司法鉴定制度的法律规定现状及特征  

The Current Situation and Characteristics of Identification system in the Japanese judiciary

作　　者：李超[1] LI Chao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际问题研究院日本研究中心

出　　处：《日本研究》2018年第2期49-56,共8页Japan Studies

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"司法鉴定意见证据评价系统研究"(2016YFC0800707)资助项目阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：日本法律体系兼具大陆法系和英美法系的特征,也突出反映在鉴定制度上,英美法系的当事人主义更多体现在民事诉讼领域的鉴定,而大陆法系的职权主义在刑事诉讼鉴定中有更多保留。近年来有关鉴定制度的改革措施及其变化,主要针对因鉴定造成诉讼效率低下以及鉴定人难觅等问题,尽管该问题在一定程度上已有所缓和,但尚未得到根本解决。如今由侦查机关主导的委托鉴定之公正性仍受到一定质疑,而当事人自行采取的私人鉴定模式越来越受青睐,法院也开始有意识地减少启动鉴定,转而利用其他制度以代替鉴定制度的部分功能。日本关于鉴定类型的多样化以及鉴定人管理模式的行业化等特征,或许可以为我国的鉴定制度改革提供一种经验和借鉴。The Japanese judiciary system has the double characteristics of continental legal system and common law system, it is prominently reflected in the appraisal system. The adversary system in the common law system is more reflected in the civil litigation field, while authority system in the continental legal system is more reflected in the criminal litigation field. In recent years, the reform measures and its changes which are related to the appraisal system mainly focuses on issues such as the low efficiency of litigation due to the appraisal and the difficulties of looking for appraisers, although these problems have reduced at some extent, but they have not yet been fundamentally resolved. Nowadays, the impartiality of the commissioned appraisal led by investigative organization is still questioned, and the private appraisal model adopted by the parties has become more and more popular, the court also began to consciously reduce operating appraisal, and used other systems to replace part function of the appraisal instead. Diversification of appraisal types and the industrialization of appraisal management models in Japan may provide an experience for Chinese appraisal system reform.

关 键 词：司法鉴定 鉴定制度 鉴定意见 证据评价 日本法 司法改革 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] D918.9