纳米通道受限液体的结构和输运  

Structure and transport of confined liquid in nanochannels

作　　者：王奉超[1] 朱银波[1] 吴恒安[1] WANG FengChao;ZHU YinBo;WU HengAn(CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials,CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics Department of Modern Mechanics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学近代力学系,复杂系统力学卓越创新中心,中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室,合肥230027

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2018年第9期111-127,共17页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号：11525211)和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(编号：XDB22040402)资助项目

摘　　要：纳米通道物质的筛选及输运因其前沿学术研究意义以及在能源、环境、健康等领域的重要应用前景,近年来受到了科学界、工程界和工业界的广泛关注.纳米尺度下,界面效应和分子间力作用凸显.液体分子自由运动受到限制,其结构表现出分层、有序化等特征.受此影响,受限液体的输运行为也呈现出跟宏观尺度下截然不同的形式.描述纳米流动的控制方程和边界条件都值得进一步深入研究.本文围绕受限液体的结构和输运,结合近期国内外在该领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统综述,重点关注了纳米通道中水的输运以及离子筛选这一热点问题,剖析了受限液体的有序结构及其输运过程中边界条件和驱动力等问题复杂性的根源,揭示了分子间力主导的纳米通道流动的力学机制与规律,并探讨了该领域仍存在的难题及可能的发展方向.In recent years, the mass transport through nanochannels has received widespread attention from the academic and engineering communities, as well as industry, not only due to its cutting-edge significance in physical mechanics of surfaces and interfaces, but also because of its crucial application prospects in the fields of energy, environment, and health. At the nanometer scale, the interface effect and intermolecular interactions are prominent. The free movement of liquid molecules is confined, and its structure also exhibits layering, ordering, and other characteristics. Due to this fact, the transport of confined liquid yields distinguishable results from those at the macroscale. Both the governing equations and boundary conditions for nanoflow are worth further investigation. The understanding on the structure and transport of confined liquid also plays an important role in the applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies. As the length scale of nanodevices decreases continuously, the surface and interface effects become significant. The structure and dynamic behaviours of confined liquid are dramatically different from that of the bulk phase. At the nanoscale, several physical mechanisms are intercoupling; various intermolecular and surface forces compete with each other. There are many characteristic length scales which fall in the range from a few angstroms to several nanometers. This review article focuses on the structure and transport of confined liquids, and systematically reviews the recent research progress in this field. Starting from the ordered structures of the confined water, we discussed not only the layered structure perpendicular to the confining walls, but also various two dimensional ice phases parallel to the walls. Emphasis was placed on the hot topics of water transport and ion sieving through various kinds of nanochannels, especially for capillaries existing in graphene oxide membranes and nanocapillaries fabricated by van der Waals assembly using two- dimensional material

关 键 词：受限液体 表界面效应 纳米通道 物质输运 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]