葡萄修剪机的研制与试验  

Manufacutre and field testing of the pruning machine for grapevines

作　　者：王志强[1] 刘凤之[1] 王孝娣[1] 张敬国 史祥宾[1] 王海波[1] WANG Zhiqiang;LIU Fengzhi;WANG Xiaodi;ZHANG Jingguo;SHI Xiangbin;WANG Haibo(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences·Key Laboratory of HorticuLture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture· Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits,Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Weifang Gaomi Secondary Specialized School,Gaomi 261501,Shandong,China;Shandong Province Gaomi City Yifeng Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Gaomi 261501,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所.农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室.辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [2]潍坊市高密中等专科学校,山东高密261501 [3]山东省高密市益丰机械有限公司,山东高密261501

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第9期1141-1146,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2014BAD16B05-2);农业部"948"重点项目(2011-G28);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-RIP-04)

摘　　要：【目的】解决我国葡萄园夏季修剪劳动强度大、作业效率低等问题。【方法】应用机械设计理论与方法,并结合我国葡萄标准栽培模式的特点及修剪的技术要求,研制了一种与履带拖拉机配套的、适于葡萄园夏季修剪作业的葡萄修剪机。该设备主要由液压系统和修剪系统两部分组成。动力由拖拉机的后动力输出轴经万向传动轴带动液压系统工作,经双联油泵将液压油一路供给两个调节油缸和回转马达,以实现伸缩臂的升降、折叠和修剪角度的调节,另一路直接供给切割马达驱动切割刀工作,从而完成棚架、V架和篱架三种栽培架式的葡萄修剪工作。【结果】样机田间试验结果表明,该修剪机工作稳定,适应性强,切割效果良好,作业效率高。按试验时的作业速度计算,该机每h修剪3 000 m,而人工每小时修剪约100 m,剪梢效率是人工修剪的30倍。【结论】葡萄修剪机是根据我国葡萄标准栽培模式和修剪的技术要求、满足产业需求而研发的,该机的研制成功为葡萄简化修剪栽培技术的研发和推广奠定了装备基础,具有较好的推广前景。【Objective】Grapevine pruning is an important part of vineyard management. It not only controis effectively the space configuration of the main arms and side canes, enhances the overall ventilation and transmittance of the orchard and helps the fruit growth and bearing, but also improves the fruit yield and quality, and affects directly the economic benefit. Research on pruning machinery started early in Europe, America and a few additional countries, and the machine models were also complete. The pruning machines have been combined with automation technology and artificial intelligence, and the working speed is faster and the efficiency is higher. Some models also have cane recovery equipment and combine with picking machinery. However, the development of pruning machinery started late in China and actually few models have been developed sofar. At present, most of the pruning machines are mainly hand-held, supplemented with electric and pneumatic pruning. At present, there are many problems in practical grapevine pruning, like large labor intensity and low working efficiency. To solve the problems, a new pruning machine is required to develop for improving the overall level of orchard mechanization in Chinese grape production. 【Methods】By application of mechanical design theory and methods, the grapevine pruning machine was developed, fully considering the characteristics of the standard cultivation models of Chinese vineyards and the technical requirements. The pruning machine took the crawler tractors as power, which was mainly composed of the hydraulic system and the pruning system. The hydraulic system was fixed to the rear of the crawler tractors by the suspension mechanism, and it was mainly composed of hydraulic oil tank, hydraulic pumps, electromagnetic reversing valves, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors and so on. In order to ensure the pruning speed and work quality, the double pump was adopted and a hydraulic pump controlled separately the cutting motor to complete the pruning work. Gear pu

关 键 词：葡萄 修剪机 研制 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]