人工合成甘蓝型油菜减数分裂期染色体行为观察  

Cytological observation of meiotic chromosome behavior in the synthetic Brassica napus(AACC)

作　　者：田燕飞 朱莉莉 许聪聪 杨妍 位芳 田保明 TIAN Yan-fei;ZHU Li-li;XU Cong-cong;YANG Yan;WEI Fang;TIAN Bao-ming(School of Life Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生命科学学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2018年第5期54-57,共4页Journal of Biology

基　　金：郑州大学2016年度大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610459071)

摘　　要：人工合成甘蓝型油菜是油菜种质资源创新的重要途径之一。以栽培种油菜(AACC)为对照,利用细胞学技术分析了人工合成甘蓝型油菜花粉母细胞减数分裂过程。结果表明,新合成甘蓝型油菜的染色体数目为38条(2n=38);与栽培种油菜相比,新合成油菜花粉母细胞减数分裂终变期以二价体为主,但也出现一定频率的多价体和单价体,减数第一次分裂后期形成落后染色体。此外,统计结果表明,新合成油菜花粉母细胞第一次减数分裂中期和后期出现异常分裂细胞的比例较高,约为48. 93%和22. 12%;但第二次减数分裂的异常细胞比率较低。从细胞学水平上初步分析了新合成甘蓝型油菜的减数分裂行为,为通过人工合成手段选育甘蓝型油菜提供细胞遗传学证据。To investigate the meiotic course of synthetic Brassica napus at a cytological level, we analyzed the chromosomal behavior of pollen mother cells of resynthesized B.napus and cultivated B.napus （AACC）.The results showed that the number of chromosomes in resynthesized B.napus was 2 n =38, the same as the cultivated B. napus . However, in the resynthesized B.napus the multivalents formed at diakinesis, chromosomes aligned chaotically at metaphase I, chromosome lags were frequently observed from later metaphase I to anaphaseⅡ. The cells with abnormal meiosis at metaphaseⅠ and anaphaseⅠ were 48.93% and 22.12%, respectively. In this study, chromosome behavior during meiosis analyzed at a cytological level in the synthetic B. napus would provid cytogenetic evidences for plant breeding in Brassica napus by artificial methods in future.

关 键 词：减数分裂 染色体 新合成甘蓝型油菜 栽培种油菜 芸薹属 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]