古代坎儿井暗渠坡度几何原理与测量方法探析  

The Ancient Karez Culvert Slope Geometry Analysis Principle and Measuring Method

作　　者：杨贝贝[1] 阿不都沙拉木.加拉力丁 阿依格林.乌兰 YANG Bei-bei;ABDUSALAM·Jialaliding;AYIGELIN·Wulan(Resources and Environmental Science Institute,Xinjiang University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期17-23,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41261030);新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室开放课题(040079)资助

摘　　要：吐鲁番坎儿井是我国古代劳动人民的智慧成果,是具有科学、生态价值的历史文化遗产。坎儿井的形成与当地的地形地貌、水文地质条件有着密不可分的关系,而其工程施工方法也一直备受专家学者关注。文章通过实地考察与实地测量方法、访谈法,研究坎儿井的形成因素,将坎匠传统的经验与几何学和测量学相结合,探讨出古代坎儿井的暗渠坡度的几何原理与测量方法,得到如下结论:(1)利用口诀寻找水源,开挖坎儿井;(2)高差测量采用与现代水准仪原理相同的古代传统测量方法、水容器法和等边三角形法;(3)坎儿井在暗渠施工中存在相似三角形原理,公式可累加计算。Turpan Karez is the wisdom of the ancient people of our work,is a scientific and ecological value of the historical and cultural heritage[1]. The formation of Kaner well with the local topography,hydrogeological conditions are inextricably linked,and its construction methods have been much attention by experts and scholars. In this paper,through the field investigation and field measurement method,interview method,the study of the formation of Kaner well factors,the ancient craftsmen experience and geometric and metrology combined to calculate the ancient canoe hole geometry of the geometric principles and measurement methods,the following conclusions ：（1）the use of formulas to find water,excavation Kaneri.（2）height difference measurement with the modern level of the same principle of the ancient traditional measurement methods,water-based method and the equilateral triangle method.（3）Kaneri in the culvert construction there is a similar triangular principle,the formula can be accumulated calculation.

关 键 词：古代坎儿井 暗渠坡度 几何原理 测量方法 吐鲁番 

分 类 号：TB22[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]