某医院3年来老年患者入院时患感染性疾病趋势分析与对策  

Trends of infectious diseases in elderly patients at admission in recent 3 years and prevention countermeasures

作　　者：代伟[1] 朱敏[1] 曹秀堂[2] DAI Wei;ZHU Min;CAO Xiu-tang(General Hospital of PLA,Beijing 100853,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院南楼临床部,北京100853 [2]解放军总医院医院管理研究所,北京100853

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2018年第17期2607-2610,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：中央保健委员会专项基金资助项目(11BJZ08)

摘　　要：目的探讨某医院入院时患感染性疾病的趋势,为医院感染性疾病收治准备提供参考。方法通过医院HIS系统,提取某医院2014-2016年70岁以上患者收治及入院患感染性疾病的全部病例,通过趋势模型法预测2017年入院感染趋势,并对历年入院感染疾病构成进行了分析。结果收治7612例患者中,感染性病例1782人次,占比23.41%,历年占比未见统计学差异(χ2=3.43,P=0.1803);通过各季度患感染性疾病分析发现,总体上呈逐年下降趋势,具有明显的季节波动规律,一季度感染数最高,四季度次之,二、三季度较低。从疾病构成看,肺炎所占比例呈逐年上升趋势,2016年占所有感染性疾病的61.50%,是第二位上呼吸道感染的10倍以上。结论尽管入院患感染性疾病总例数呈下降趋势,但肺炎例数没有减少,其占比逐年上升,是日常收治防控重点。OBJECTIVE To explore the trends of infectious diseases at the admission so as to provide guidance for treatment of the infectious diseases.METHODS By means of HIS,all of the patients who were more than 70 years old and had infectious diseases at the admission from 2014 to 2016 were extracted from the hospital,the trend model method was employed to predict the trend of infection at the admission in 2017,and the constituent ratios of the infectious diseases at the admission were observed.RESULTS Of 7612 patients,1782 case-times of patients had infectious diseases,accounting for 23.41%,there was no significance difference in the percentage among the three years（χ^2=3.43,P=0.1803）.The analysis of the infectious diseases in the seasons indicated that the overall incidence of infectious diseases was decreased year by year and showed a remarkable seasonal fluctuation,the incidence rate of infectious diseases was the highest in the first quarter,followed by the fourth quarter,then the second and third.In view of the constituent ratios of diseases,the percentage of pneumonia showed an upward trend,the patients with pneumonia accounted for 61.50%in 2016 and were as ten times as much as the patients with upper respiratory tract infection.CONCLUSION Although the total number of cases of infectious diseases shows a downward trend at the admission,the number of cases of pneumonia is increased year by year,and it is necessary to focus on the prevention and treatment of pneumonia.

关 键 词：感染性疾病 入院 疾病构成 肺炎 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]