高分子的离子效应  

Ionic effects on polymers

作　　者：张剑[1] 寇然 刘光明[1] Jian Zhang;Ran Kou;Guangming Liu(Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学化学物理系合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心,合肥230026

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2018年第9期1109-1122,共14页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:21574121;21622405;21374110)资助项目

摘　　要：在传统理论中,离子通常被作为点电荷处理,其对高分子性质的影响主要基于离子强度效应.然而,高分子体系中许多重要实验现象都无法简单地通过离子强度效应加以理解,这需要从超越离子强度概念的角度来考虑高分子的离子效应.本专题论述将主要讨论高分子体系中的离子特异性效应、离子氢键效应、离子亲/疏水效应以及多价离子效应.离子特异性效应普遍存在于带电高分子体系以及中性高分子体系,且可以在不同溶剂体系中观察到;离子氢键效应可被应用于调控强聚电解质刷的水化、润湿、黏附等多种性质;离子亲/疏水效应不但可以调控界面接枝聚电解质的性质,还可以调控聚电解质溶液以及聚电解质凝胶的性质;通过多价离子交联作用,多价离子效应可被应用于调控聚电解质刷以及高分子凝胶的性质.这些高分子的离子效应拓宽和加深了我们对离子与高分子间相互作用的理解,为基于不同离子效应调控高分子性能奠定了基础,并可进一步拓展至其他类型重要的离子-高分子间相互作用.In the conventional theories, ions are usually treated as point charges, and their influences on the properties of polymers are mainly controlled by the ionic strength effect. However, many important phenomena in polymer systems cannot be understood by merely considering the ionic strength effect, This requires us to consider the ionic effects on polymers beyond the influence of ionic strength. Herein, we will discuss the specific ion effect, the ionic hydrogen bond effect, the ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effect, and the multivalent ion effect in polymer systems. The specific ion effect exists in various charged and neutral polymer systems, and can be observed in different types of solvent systems. The ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophohicity effect can be used to modulate many important properties of strong polyelectrolyte brushes including hydration, wettability, and adhesion. The ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effect can be applied to tune not only the properties of the surface-grafted polyelectrolytes, but also the properties of the polyelectrolyte solutions and hydrogels. The multivalent ion effect can be used to control the properties of polyelectrolyte brushes and polymer hydrogels through the electrostatic crosslinking interactions. The ionic effects on polymers demonstrated here would widen and deepen our understanding of the interactions between ions and polymers, forming a basis for tuning the polymer properties with ions, and can be further expanded to other types of important ionpolymer interactions.

关 键 词：离子特异性效应 离子氢键效应 离子亲/疏水效应 多价离子效应 

分 类 号：O631[理学—高分子化学]