低压水射流空化喷嘴油管清洗数值模拟与试验研究  

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Oil Tubing Cleaning by Low Pressure Water Jet Nozzles

作　　者：郭世建 王尊策[1] 徐德奎[2] 赵海江 GUO Shi-jian;WANG Zun-ce;XV De-kui;ZHAO Hai-jiang(Northeastern Petroleum University,HeilongjiangDaqing 163318,China;Daqing Oil Field Co Oil Production Engineering Research Institute,Heilongjiang Daqing 163453,China;Daqing drilling engineering company transport a company to transport five branch,Heilongjiang Daqing 163412,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]大庆油田有限责任公司采油工程研究院,黑龙江大庆163453 [3]大庆钻探工程公司运输一公司运输五分公司,黑龙江大庆163412

出　　处：《当代化工》2018年第9期1972-1977,共6页Contemporary Chemical Industry

基　　金：黑龙江省青年科学基金;项目号:QC2016003;东北石油大学研究生创新科研项目;项目号:YJSCX2016-021 NEPU

摘　　要：油管内壁结垢、结盐、结蜡、锈皮、稠油堆积等现象会造成内壁空间减小,增大了输油阻力,耗费了大量的电能,严重时甚至造成油管堵塞。为了揭示空化射流清洗油管的清洗机理,研究空化射流喷嘴的射流特性,提出了一种角形空化喷嘴模型。课题设计制造了低压空化水射流油管内壁清洗实验台,利用空化产生的气泡在破灭瞬时产生高温高压来清洗油管内壁。实验台采用电动控制小车在滑道上前后限位行走,转杆带动前端空化喷头在油管内壁进行旋转喷射,低压清洗油管内壁。采用ICEM软件进行了模型的网格划分,采用VOF模型对空化喷嘴内部流场进行了数值模拟,得到了速度场、压力场、气相体积分数的分布规律。通过高速摄像机拍摄了清洗内壁过程,模拟结果与试验验证结果符合良好,效果显著,既降低了高压设备清洗带来的危险,又降低了高压射流带来的不必要的成本。研究结果表明:进水压力在11~13 MPa左右时,喷嘴空化性能和冲洗效果最好;射流液体的温度对空化的影响较大,在50℃附近时气体含量开始起主导作用。该研究成果对于油管清洗实验台及喷嘴选择具有一定的指导意义。The phenomenon of scaling, salt deposition, wax deposition, rust skin and heavy oil accumulation will cause the reduction of inner wall space, increase the oil transportation resistance and consume a lot of electric energy, and even cause oil pipe blockage. In order to reveal the cleaning mechanism of the cavitation jet cleaning oil pipe and study the jet characteristics of the cavitation jet nozzle, an angular cavitation nozzle model was proposed in this paper. A low pressure cavitation water jet cleaning experimental rig for oil tube inner wall was designed and manufactured. The bubbles produced by the cavitation jet nozzle can produce high temperature and high pressure during bubble burst to clean the inner wall of the tubing. The experimental platform was driven by electric control car on the slide way. The rotating rod drove the front end cavitation nozzle to rotate and spray on the inner wall of the oil pipe, and the inner wall of the oil tube was cleaned at low pressure. In this paper, the meshing of the model was carried out by using ICEM software. TheVOF model was used to simulate the internal flow field of the cavitation nozzle, and the distribution laws of velocity field, pressure field and gas volume fraction were obtained. The process of cleaning the inner wall was photographed through a high-speed camera. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The effect was remarkable, which not only reduced the danger brought by the cleaning of high pressure equipment, but also reduced the unnecessary cost caused by high-pressure jet. The results showed that when the inlet pressure was about 11~13 MPa, the cavitation performance and the washing effect of the nozzle were the best. The temperature of the jet liquid had great influence on the cavitation, and the gas content played a leading role near the temperature of 50 ℃. The research results have a certain guiding significance.

关 键 词：低压 水射流 空化 油管 数值模拟 高速摄像 

分 类 号：TQ021.1[化学工程]