合金元素对低膨胀合金性能的影响  

Effect of Alloying Elements on the Properties of Low-expansion Alloys

作　　者：于敏[1] 蔡凯洪[1] 刘海稳[1] 柳海波[1] 张乐[1] 彭晨晨 YU Min;CAI Kaihong;LIU Haiwen;LIU Haibo;ZHANG Le;PENG Chenchen(Beijing Beiye Functional Materials Corporation,Beijing 100192)

机构地区：[1]北京北冶功能材料有限公司,北京100192

出　　处：《金属材料研究》2018年第2期38-45,共8页Research on Metallic Materials

摘　　要：低膨胀合金是一种膨胀系数很小，强度和硬度不高的合金。近年来，随着科技的进步及应用范围的扩展，低膨胀合金的应用越来越广泛，且对合金的性能提出了越来越高的要求。要求合金既要具有较低的热膨胀系数，同时还要具有优异力学性能。本文以常规的低膨胀合金为基础，通过添加合金元素和调整元素含量，研究不同元素对低膨胀合金膨胀性能、力学性能的影响规律，进而获得能够满足特殊使用要求的低膨胀合金。经过研究发现，以4J36合金为基础，调整C和Nb元素含量，能够析出大量微米级的含Nb颗粒，净化了合金的基体，从而保证合金的膨胀系数α（宣温-100℃）〈1．5×10^-6／℃，同时改善合金的硬度，而且随着C和Nb元素含量增加，硬度逐渐增加。以4J32合金为基础，添加Ti元素，能够形成弥散的硬化质点Ni3Ti，保证Ti含量在1．4％-2．7％范围内，合金的膨胀系数α（室温-100℃）在（2．1-2．4）×10^-6／℃之间，进而实现略微牺牲膨胀系数，但是显著提高的合金硬度的目的。合金的硬度随着Ti含量的增加而增加与此同时，硬度也随着时效热处理工艺的变化而变化，当温度范围为600—700℃时，硬度最高。Low expansion alloy is a kind of alloy with low expansion coefficient, low strength and hardness. In recent years, with the development of science and technology and the expansion of application range, the application of low expansion alloy is more and more extensive, and the performance of alloy is more and more demanding. It is required that the expansion coefficient of the alloy is low and the mechanical properties are excellent. In this paper, the effects of different elements on the expansion and mechanical properties of low expansion alloys are studied. It was discovered that, Adjusting C and Nb elements content of 4J36 alloy, a large number of micron grade granules containing Nb precipitated. These granules purify the alloy matrix, thus ensuring that the coefficient of expansion of the alloy at room temperature to 100℃ was less 1.5-10^-6/℃ o At the same time, with the increasing of content of C and Nb elements, hardness increased gradually. Adding Ti in 4J32 alloy, diffuse distribution of hardening particles Ni3Ti precipitated. When Ti content was within 1.4% - 2.7%, the coefficient of expansion of the alloy at room temperature to 100℃ was （2.1 - 2.4）×10^-6/℃ . A slight sacrifice of the expansion coefficient but a significant increase in the hardness of the alloy was achieved.

关 键 词：低膨胀合金 膨胀系数 硬度 

分 类 号：TG132.11[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]