出口、创新与生产率:基于异质性企业的联合决策模型  

Export,Innovation and Productivity:A Joint Decision Model on Heterogeneous Firms

作　　者：王思文 管新帅 刘雪强 Wang Siwen;Guan Xinshuai;Liu Xueqiang(International Economics and Trade School,Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics;Gansu Economics ＆ Development Quantitative Analysis Institute,Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics;Economics School,Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]兰州财经大学国际经济与贸易学院 [2]兰州财经大学甘肃经济发展数量分析研究中心,邮政编码730020 [3]兰州财经大学经济学院,邮政编码730020

出　　处：《经济评论》2018年第5期75-89,105,共16页Economic Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"基于空间统计技术的中国制造业新常态发展路径研究"(项目编号:16CTJ009)资助

摘　　要：本文探讨了异质性企业的出口、创新与生产率问题,建立了出口和创新联合决策模型,描述了企业进入出口市场和技术创新的决策过程。理论模型证明企业创新活动具有显著的自我选择效应,规模较大、生产率较高的企业更愿意进行创新和技术升级。企业扩大出口伴随而来的是更多的创新,最终低生产率企业退出市场,中低端企业在国内生产,中高端企业使用低端技术并出口,生产率最高的企业采用先进技术并出口。基于2005-2007年中国制造业企业的微观数据,采用Multinomial Logit模型对理论模型结论进行了验证,结果表明企业全要素生产率在企业从事创新活动决策中的角色至关重要,企业的创新活动显著体现在自我选择效应中,生产率在单一出口行为中并无显著促进作用,说明我国企业对外出口,并不完全如Melitz模型所预测的高生产率企业自我选择出口的简单情形。This paper discusses the export,innovation and productivity of heterogeneous firms.It also establishes a joint decision model which includes export and technological innovation and describes the decision-making process for heterogeneous enterprises to enter the export market and technology upgrade.The results of theory model show that the enterprise innovation activity has a notable self-selection effect,and the firms with larger scale and higher productivity are more willing to innovate and upgrade technology.The export expansion of firms is followed by more innovation activities.Eventually,low-productivity companies will exit the market,low-end and mid-range enterprises will be produced domestically,middle and high-end enterprises will use low-end technology and export,and the most productive enterprises will adopt advanced technology and export.Based on the micro data of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2005 to 2007,this paper validates the conclusion of theory model by using Multinomial Logit model.The results show that the TFP of enterprise plays an important role when firms make decision for innovation activities and the enterprise＇s innovation activities remarkably reflected in the self-selection effect.Besides,productivity has no notable effect on single export behavior,which shows that the export of Chinese firms is not the simple case as Melitz model predicted that high productivity firms select export.

关 键 词：异质性企业 出口 创新 生产率 联合决策模型 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济] F752.62