中美工商业协进会与战后中美经济关系  

The China-America Council of Commerce and Industry and Sino-U. S. Economic Relationships after WWⅡ

作　　者：皇甫秋实[1] Huangfu Qiushi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2018年第5期30-45,共16页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"抗战时期美国对华经济调查"(批准号:16CZS046)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：二战结束前夕,战后中国市场的巨大潜力引起美国工商界的浓厚兴趣。为了把握战后对华贸易和投资的机遇,中美工商业协进会应运而生。该组织吸引了众多美国企业加入,不仅充分调动起会员企业的能动性,而且整合并优化了他们的资源,从而超越了单个企业的局限性,展现出强大的情报搜集能力和政治影响力,在重建战后中美经贸框架的过程中扮演了不容忽视的角色。面对国民政府在战后延续统制经济的趋向,中美工商业协进会对访美的中国政要积极施加影响,试图引导国民政府在战后采取保护私营企业、鼓励外资外贸的自由主义经济政策。尽管美国政府和美国企业家在中美洽商的过程中保持密切合作,但双方在战后对华投资的问题上也存在分歧。美国政府对华援助不但对美国私人投资构成威胁,还间接加剧了中国国家资本的膨胀,给美国私营厂商扩大对华贸易和投资制造了巨大障碍。中美工商业协进会基于自身主观意愿对中国经济情报的选择性搜集和传播对美国政府和工商界均产生误导,令他们忽视了战后初期中国经济的严峻形势,并低估了美国企业进入中国市场的难度。Before the end of World War II, the immense potential of Chinese market after war aroused great interest of American business. With the purpose to seize the opportunities of Sino-U. S. trade and investment in China, the China-America Council of Commerce and Industry （CACCI） has emerged. This organization with numerous American firms attracted not only effectively mobilized the initiatives of its members, but also had their resources integrated and optimized, which enables it to act beyond the limitations of individual business with strong intelligence capability and political influence, and play an important role in rebuilding the postwar economic and trade relations between China and U. S.. Confronted with the inclination of the Nationalist Government to continue the policy of controlled economy after war, CACCI made great effort to exert influence on the Chinese politicians during their visits to the U. S. , attempting to lead the Nationalist Government to adopt the liberalist economic policy that features protecting private enterprises and encouraging foreign trade and investment. Although the U.S. Government and business worked in cooperation on negotiating with China, they also disagreed on the issue of investment to China. The aid provided by the U. S. Government to China has posed a threat to the private investment of American business, and indirectly intensified the expansion of state capital in China as well, obstructing the American private enterprises in developing Sino-U. S. trade and investment in China. The economic information of China selectively collected and spread by CACCI based on its subjective wishes has mislead both the U. S. Government and business, leading to their ignorance of the tough economic situation of China in the early postwar period, and their underestimation of difficulty for the American enterprises to enter the Chinese market.

关 键 词：中美经济关系 美国企业 中美工商业协进会 经济情报 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F171.2