社会养老保险与农村老年人主观福利  

The Social Pension Scheme and the Subjective Well-being of the Elderly in Rural China

作　　者：郑晓冬[1] 方向明[1] Zheng Xiaodong;Fang Xiangming(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《财经研究》2018年第9期80-94,共15页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BRK018)

摘　　要：新型农村社会养老保险制度是农村社会保障体系的重要组成部分,研究"新农保"与老年人福利的关系及其内在机制对提高农村居民养老质量具有重要意义。文章基于2011年与2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,采用滞后项估计、工具变量法和断点回归法实证分析了新农保对农村老年人主观福利的影响,并利用路径分析方法检验了影响机制。研究发现:(1)新农保能够显著降低参保老年人的抑郁程度并提高生活满意度,且对女性、低龄和留守老人的主观福利促进作用更加明显;(2)不同养老金水平的影响存在明显差异,仅领取基础养老金并不能显著提高参保老年人主观福利水平,而当养老金水平超过基础养老金时,新农保的主观福利效应才开始显现,且参保时间越晚,养老金的作用越弱;(3)在影响机制方面,新农保的主观福利效应主要来源于三条途径,分别是绝对收入效应、相对收入效应与时间分配效应。其中,相对收入效应发挥了主要作用。即在当前阶段,新农保改善农村老年人主观福利的主要原因并不是物质层面的经济支持,而是精神层面的信心与保障。Summary： The New Rural Pension Scheme （NRPS） is an important component of the social security system in rural China. After the implementation of the NRPS, many studies have investigated the effects of the NRPS on the well-being and life quality of rural elderly and their families. However, there are still little re- search regarding the effect of the NRPS on the subjective well-being of the rural elderly and its mechanism. With China＇s social and economic development, people not only concern about economic well-being, but also pursue higher levels of subjective well-being, which has become an important component of people＇s welfare and life quality in China. Therefore, studying the relationship between the NRPS and the subjective well-be- ing of rural elderly in China is of great significance to the improvement of the current rural social security policy and the quality of life rural residents in old age. Therefore, it has crucial significance to study the rela- tionship and the internal mechanism between the NRPS and the well-being of the elderly for improving the life quality of the rural elderly. Based on the data of China Health and Elderly Tracing Study （CHARLS） in 2011 and 2013, this study empirically analyzes the effect of the NRPS on the subjective well-being of the rural elderly by using the lag term estimation, the instrumental variable method and the regression discontinuity design, and tests possible channels of the effect by applying the path analysis method. Our study finds that the NRPS can significantly reduce the degree of depression and improve the life satisfaction of the elderly in rural China, which has passed a number of robustness tests, especially for women, youngsters and left-behind old adults. The effects of different pension amount levels are different. Receiving the basic pension only cannot significantly im- prove the level of the subjective well-being of the insured old adults. The positive effect of the NRPS on the rural elders＇ subjective well-being begins to appe

关 键 词：新农保 农村老年人 主观福利 断点回归 路径分析 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]