要素密集度、产业集聚与生产率提升——来自中国企业微观数据的经验研究  

Factor Intensive,Agglomeration and Productivity Promotion:Empirical Study on Micro Data from County-level Cities

作　　者：张万里[1] 魏玮[1] ZHANG WanLi;WEI Wei(School of Economics and Finance,Xi＇an Jiaotong University,Xi＇an 710061)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《财贸研究》2018年第7期28-41,共14页Finance and Trade Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"新常态下产业结构转型升级的路径选择研究"(15CJL028);陕西省社会科学基金项目"基于能源产业和非能源产业协调发展的陕西省产业结构优化升级实现路径研究"(2015D042);陕西省软科学项目"基于能源产业和非能源产业协调发展的陕西省产业结构优化升级实现路径研究"(2016KRM006)的支持

摘　　要：使用中国工业企业数据库数据,运用熵权法得出综合EG指数和考虑非期望产出的生产率,利用中国207个地级及以上行政级别市30个二分位数制造业2003—2013年的面板数据,在区分要素密集度的基础上,通过构建非线性面板平滑转换模型实证分析了不同地区要素密集度下集聚与生产率之间的关系。研究结果表明:经济集聚最初会对制造业企业生产率产生负向影响,即由集聚效应转变为拥挤效应,并造成环境污染;分地区方面,考虑非期望产出的东部地区过度集聚现象比中西部地区要好一些;人力资本和研发投入对生产率提升存在积极作用,只是不同地区要素密集度制造业随着集聚水平提高而增加,正向作用效果的强弱不同;除资源密集型制造业外,其他类型制造业道路密度与生产率呈负相关,地方交通基础设施建设水平并没有伴随集聚水平的提升而提高,而资源密集型制造业随着集聚水平提高而产生的拥挤效应并不明显;相关多样化对生产率存在正向作用,并且会随集聚水平提高而加强。This article calculates the comprehensive index of EG and productivity considering the expected output with the industrial enterprise database and entropy weight method. With panel data of 207 county-level cities and 30 binary digits manufacturing from 2003 to 2013,the relationship between agglomeration and productivity is analyzed by using the smooth transformation model under different regions and factor intensities. Results are as followings. Economic agglomeration initially had negative relationship with productivity,that is,the agglomeration effect changed to the crowded effect and environmental pollution. Excessive agglomeration phenomenon of developed areas（ east） is better than the less developed areas（ Midwest）. Human capital and RD have positive impact on productivity. With the increase of concentration,the strength of the positive effect is different in different regions and factor intensities. In addition to resource intensive manufacturing industry,the road density has negative correlation with productivity of other manufacturing industries,and the infrastructure construction does not keep up with the level of agglomeration. Congestion effect of resource intensity with the increase of agglomeration is not significant,while related diversification is positive with productivity and strengthen with the increase of agglomeration.

关 键 词：过度集聚 PSTR模型 非期望产出 要素密集度 工具变量法 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]