线性生产建设项目生态效益动态评价及其指标权重分析——以西安—商洛高速为例  

Dynamic evaluation of ecological benefits and weight analysis of indexes for the linear production and construction project:A case study of national highway from Xi'an to Shangluo

作　　者：于坤霞[1] 白璐璐[1] 李占斌[1,2] 张晓明[3] 孙倩[1] 方锦丽 解刚[3] 李鹏[1] 靳涛 YU Kunxia;BAI Lulu;LI Zhanbin;ZHANG Xiaoming;SUN Qian;FANG Jinli;XIE Gang;LI Peng;JIN Tao(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in the Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi＇an University of Technology,710048,Xi＇an,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS ＆ MWR,712100 Yangling,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,100048,Beijing,China 4.Chenggu County Soil and Water Conservation Workstation,723200,Hanzhong,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [4]城固县水土保持工作站,陕西汉中723200

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2018年第4期115-123,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费"生产建设项目水土保持生态效应监测与评价技术研究"(201501045);国家重点研发计划"黄河流域水沙变化趋势集合评估"(2016YFC0402407)

摘　　要：高速公路的网络化、规模化发展,导致严重的水土流失,同时高速公路的水土流失防治投入也十分巨大,科学评价高速公路等线性生产建设项目水土保持的生态效益可以为生产建设类项目水土保持评价提供科学依据。笔者以国家高速公路G40西安—商洛段为例,运用主成分分析法、层次分析法和极优模型计算相关指标的权重和隶属度值,以此为基础计算典型线型建设项目在施工前期、植被恢复期和建成使用期不同功能生态效益指数,分析线性生产建设项目水土保持的生态效益。结果显示:在施工前期径流模数综合得分最高;在植被恢复期土壤侵蚀模数综合得分最高;在建成使用期排水量与外排水含沙量综合得分最高。在施工前期,中低地区(秦岭以北)和阶地区(秦岭以南)的生态效益指数值分别为0.455和0.487,属于中等分类,说明该地区生态系统趋于稳定。在植被恢复期,比较各分区的值,发现秦岭以南都略小于秦岭以北,说明秦岭以北生态系统较为脆弱。在建成使用期,线性生产建设项目在不同区段的破坏程度不同,采取相应的水土保持措施后生态效益指数也是不同程度的增长,以秦岭以北主线工程区为例,生态效益指数由生产前期的0.455提高到建成使用期的0.578,这说明在采取水土保持措施之后,取得了一定的生态效益。在各个时期,主线工程区比其他区的生态效益指数值基本上都大,说明主线工程区的防治效果明显好于其他区。[Background] The networking and large-scale development of highway have caused the serious soil erosion,naturally the investment for the control of soil and water loss in highway constructionis huge. Therefore,scientific evaluation of ecological benefits from soil and water conservation in highway construction projects would provide the basis for the assessments of soil and water conservation in production and construction projects. [Methods] Evaluation indexes were firstly determined and scaled using the dispersion range model, then principal component analysis was used to obtain the comprehensive score of each evaluation index,further the analytic hierarchy process was further applied to calculate the weight of the evaluation indexes,and finally the ecological benefits were calculated by multiplying scaled evaluation indexes and their weights. The ecological benefits of different functional zones during pre-construction period,vegetation restoration period,and use period after highway built-up were all evaluated for national highway project G40 from Xi＇ an to Shangluo. [Results] 1） The runoff modulus index had the highest comprehensive score in the pre-construction period,with the soil erosion modulus index in the vegetation restoration period, and the displacement index and sediment concentration of discharged drainage index in the use period after highway built-up. 2） The ecological benefits in northern Qinling Mountains areas and southern Qinling Mountains areas were 0. 455 and 0. 487 respectively in the pre-construction period,indicating that the ecological system approached stable during this period. 3） The ecological benefits in the northern Qinling Mountains areas were all smaller than those in southern Qinling Mountains areas in the vegetation restoration period,indicating that the ecological system in the northern Qinling Mountains areas was more vulnerable. 4） The ecological benefits of different functional zones during the use period after highway built-up were generally higher than those i

关 键 词：生产建设项目 主成分分析 层次分析法 权重 生态效益评价 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]