保水剂用量对矿区紫花苜蓿生长的影响  

Effects of application rate of super absorbent polymers on the growth of Medicago sativa in mining area

作　　者：陈艺超[1] 孙保平[1] 张建锋[1] 宋双双[1] 李智勇 陈串 CHEN Yichao;SUN Baoping;ZHANG Jianfeng;SONG Shuangshuang;LI Zhiyong;CHEN Chuan(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2018年第4期124-131,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：横向课题"河北省张家口地区干旱造林保水材料试验研究"(2014HXFWSBXY025);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201601050)

摘　　要：中国北方矿区生态环境脆弱、水土流失严重,植被恢复难度大。为得出矿区紫花苜蓿种植中保水剂的最佳用量,以矿区废弃地土壤为基质,研究6种质量分数的保水剂(0、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%、0.60%和0.90%)对紫花苜蓿存活时间、矿区土壤的土壤含水率、土壤养分及对紫花苜蓿生长状况(光合作用、叶绿素质量分数、生物量和根冠比)的影响。结果表明:施加保水剂能延长紫花苜蓿存活时间,增加土壤含水率,保蓄土壤养分,提高土壤养分质量分数,增强紫花苜蓿光合效率和水分利用效率,减少叶绿素破坏分解,使紫花苜蓿生物量增加。与对照相比,添加保水剂的处理紫花苜蓿存活时间延长6.16%~35.05%,土壤含水率提高1.04%~8.78%,土壤全氮、全磷和全钾质量分数分别提高13.40%~35.54%、2.61%~18.93%和8.53%~15.89%,速效氮、速效磷和速效钾质量分数提高5.88%~47.02%、17.88%~101.73%和12.5%~31.55%。净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率分别增加8.94%~96.96%、5.64%~61.12%、14.17%~135.05%、14.85%~49.71%和1.08%~16.48%,叶绿素质量分数增加9.48%~30.29%。紫花苜蓿生物量增加17.01%~61.96%。综合各指标改良效果,以保水剂质量分数0.30%~0.45%为矿区废弃地紫花苜蓿种植的适宜浓度。[Background] The climate of mining areas in northern China is arid and rainless,and water is the main factor restricting the reconstruction of vegetation. Moreover,the ecological environment of mining area has been greatly destroyed during mining process,the soil erosion is aggravated,and the ecological restoration is more difficult. Medicago sativa is a common soil and water conservation plant in China,and super absorbent polymer（ SAP） can effectively promote the restoration of vegetation and prevent soil erosion. Therefore,it is of great significance to study the effect of SAP on the growth of M.sativa in the arid mining area. [Methods]In order to obtain the optimal dosage of SAP in the planting of M. sativa in the arid mining area,pot culture method was used to grow M. sativa in the mining area soil,with 6 concentrations of SAP [0（ CK）,0. 15%（ A1）,0. 30%（ A2）,0. 45%（ A3）,0. 60%（ A4）,and 0. 90%（ A5） ]. During the growth period,the soil moisture content were measured with MPM-160 B portable soil moisture meter,the net photosynthetic rate（ Pn）,transpiration rate（ Tr）,stomatal conductance（ Gs）,intercellular CO2 concentration（ Ci） were measured with plant photosynthetic system Li-6400 P,the leaf water use efficiency（ WUE） was calculated,the chlorophyll content was measured by spectrophotometry method and the survival time of plants was measured. After the experiment,the whole plant was harvested,the dry weight of aboveground parts and roots were weighed,and biomass and root shoot ratio were calculated. The soil was sampled and organic matter as well as nutrient content was measured. [Results] The growth of plants with SAP was better than the contrast,the survival time prolonged by 6. 16%-35. 05%,and the maximum appeared at A2 and A3. The application of SAP effectively improved the soil moisture and nutrient status,the soil moisture content increased with the increase of the concentration of SAP,the effect of A2,A3 and A4 treatment on soil nutrient improvement was bett

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 矿区土壤 植物生长 保水剂 

分 类 号：S482.9[农业科学—农药学]