美国在“南海行为准则”问题上的政策论析  

The U.S.Policy on the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea

作　　者：陈慈航[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院、国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2018年第4期68-98,共31页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：武汉大学人文社会科学自主科研青年项目“南海非传统安全多边合作机制构建:可行性、现实困难与解决路径”(2017QN001)的阶段性成果;“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”资助

摘　　要：奥巴马政府高调介入南海争端,公开其在＂南海行为准则＂问题上的政策立场,敦促各方尽早达成一份＂完整而有效＂的＂行为准则＂。美国通过将该行为＂合法化＂,主导该议题话语权,以及整合东盟内部统一立场等举措,积极推动＂行为准则＂的制定进程。＂再平衡＂战略下美国在＂行为准则＂问题上的政策呈现一系列鲜明特点,如以＂全政府联动方式＂推行其政策,力主＂协同性外交＂展开磋商,以＂协调者＂之名行主导者之实,政策高开低走等等。经过奥巴马政府的努力,美国强化了菲律宾、印尼等国的角色,在一定程度上推动了东盟的立场统一,也对中国的立场和政策调整产生影响。美国未来将会延续其基本政策立场,特朗普政府在＂行为准则＂问题上的介入有望弱化,目前其政策举措缺乏其他配套策略,对东盟及相关机制的重视减弱,并且鼓励其他域外大国发挥作用。中国应抓住机遇进一步展现负责任的大国态度,排除干扰,以中国方案助力南海地区的和平、稳定与合作。The Obama administration intervened in the South China Sea dispute in a high-profile way,declared its position on the issue of the Code of Conduct(COC),and urged all parties to reach a"full and effective"COC at the earliest possible date.The U.S.proactively pushed the process of the COC by legitimizing its intervention,dominating the discourse power,and unifying ASEAN internal positions.Against the background of its "rebalancing"strategy,the U.S.policy exhibited several characteristics:to carry out its policy with a"whole-ofgovernment"approach,to advocate"collaborative diplomacy"for consultation,to play a dominant role in the name of"mediator,"and to underdeliver its promise.The U.S.open intervention in the COC negotiations stemmed from macro,meso,and micro considerations.The Obama administration’s efforts had enhanced the role of the Philippines and Indonesia,pushed ASAEN countries to unify their positions,and influenced the adjustments of Chinese position and policy.In the future,the U.S.will stick to these basic policy guidelines.The Trump administration is expected to reduce the U.S.involvement in the COC issue due to the lack of supporting measures for its policy,its less attention to ASEAN and other institutions,and its encouragement of other extra-regional powers to exert influence.China should seize the opportunity to further play the role of a responsible major power,dispel distractions,and promote peace,stability,and cooperation in the South China Sea with a Chinese approach.

关 键 词：地区与国别政治 美国 外交 南海政策 南海行为准则 中国方案 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]