我国大豆分子设计育种成果与展望  

Update and Perspect of Soybean Molecular Module-based Designer Breeding in China

作　　者：田志喜[1] 刘宝辉[2] 杨艳萍[3] 李明[1] 姚远[4] 任小波[4] 薛勇彪[1] TIAN Zhixi;LIU Baohui;YANG Yanping;LIMing;YAO Yuan;REN Xiaobo;XUE Yongbiao(Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Bureau of Major R＆D Programs,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,哈尔滨150081 [3]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190 [4]中国科学院重大科技任务局,北京100864

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2018年第9期915-922,共8页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA08000000)

摘　　要：大豆是重要的粮油兼用作物,同时也是人类优质蛋白及畜牧业饲料蛋白的主要来源,在我国粮食结构中占有重要地位。目前,我国育种技术主要以常规育种为主,大豆科学研究和生产水平明显落后于美国。通过中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)"分子模块设计育种创新体系"的实施,已经鉴定到若干高产、优质分子模块,解析了部分重要农艺性状的模块耦合效应,创制了一批大豆优异种质材料,成功培育多个高产、优质的初级模块大豆新品种,初步建立了大豆分子模块设计育种体系。未来,应继续加强种质资源的系统评价、挖掘利用和创制,推动自主性整合公共数据库构建,健全数据共享机制,大力开展大豆高产稳产突破性技术和豆粕替代饲料的研究,加快分子设计育种和人工智能育种创新体系建设,培育具有突破性的大豆新品种,创制绿色高效栽培技术,增强我国大豆自产能力,缓解大豆需求缺口。Soybean is one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops that provide the majority of plant proteins,and more than a quarter of the world＇s food and animal feed. At present,the soybean breeding technology in China mainly relys on conventional breeding,and the levels of both fundamental study and production lag behind those of the United States. Supported by ＂Innovative System of Designer Breeding by Molecular Modules＂,one of the strategic priority research programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese soybean scientists have dissected several important molecular modules controlling yield and seed quality,revealed the coupling mechanisms of diverse molecular modules,bred a series of designer soybean varieties for field tests or regional trials,which together to establish the first-generation molecular module-based designer breeding systems in soybean. In the future,we should continue to strengthen germplasm resources evaluation and exploitation system,promote autonomy public database building,improve the data sharing mechanism,vigorously develop breakthrough technologies for high and stable yield soybean and for soybean replacement feed crops,speed up the molecular design breeding and artificial intelligence breeding systems,cultivate breakthrough soybean varieties,develop green and efficient cultivation techniques. With these studies,it is expected to enhance the soybeans production capacity and relieve soybean demand gap in China.

关 键 词：大豆 育种技术 分子模块设计育种 分子模块 模块耦合与组装 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]