蒙药植物蓝盆花的授粉亲和性  

Pollination Compatibility of Mongolia Medicine Plant Scabiosa teschilliensis Grunning

作　　者：李旭新[1] 拉喜那木吉拉 包金花[1] 包桂荣[1] 张丽娟[1] 杨恒山[1] Li Xuxin;Laxi Namujila;Bao Jinhua;Bao Guirong;Zhang Lijuan;Yang Hengshan(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Tongliao,028043;Mongolia Medicine College,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Tongliao,028043)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,通辽028043 [2]内蒙古民族大学蒙医药学院,通辽028043

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2018年第18期6128-6133,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：内蒙古民族大学特色交叉学科建设项目(MDXK001);内蒙古民族大学博士科研启动基金项目(BS340)共同资助;内蒙古自然科学基金(2016MS0309)

摘　　要：利用显微镜观察花粉和柱头形态,采用离体萌发法对花粉活力进行测定,采用压片法对自交授粉后花粉管生长动态进行观察,以探明蓝盆花自交是否存在授粉障碍,为今后蓝盆花人工栽培和杂交育种工作提供理论依据。结果表明:蓝盆花花粉饱满,具有1~3个萌发孔,二裂柱头,花柱细长通直,培养10 h花粉萌发率达86.06%,花粉活力高。授粉后4 h多数花粉萌发后花粉管进入花柱;授粉后10 h花粉管进入花柱中上部;授粉后12 h多条花粉管进入花柱并到达中部;授粉后48 h花粉管到达花柱基部进入子房,但通过观察发现花柱顶端有胼胝质及花柱内的花粉管交叉缠绕停止生长的异常现象,从而花粉管不能进入子房完成受精过程,这可能是导致果实空瘪的一个原因。由此推测,蓝盆花自交授粉存在受精前障碍,属于配子体自交不亲和类型。Microscope was used to observe the pollen and stigma morphology, the in vitro germination method was adopted to measure the pollen viability, and the tabletting method was applied to observe the growth dynamics of the pollen tube after self-pollination, in order to find out whether there were pollination obstacles in self-pollination of Scabiosa tschiliensis Grunning. The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the future cultivation and hybridization of Scabiosa tschiliensis Grunning. The results showed that the pollen plump was full in Scabiosa tschiliensis Grunning, with 1~3 germination pores, two split stigma, and slender and straight style. The pollen germination rate reached 86.06% after culture for 10 h, and the pollen vitality was high. After pollination for4 h, pollen tube began to enter the style. Pollen tube entered the middle and upper part of style after pollination for10 h. Several pollen tubes entered the style and reached the middle after pollination for 12 h. Pollen tube arrived at the style base into the ovary after pollination for 48 h, but abnormal phenomenons such as callose at the top of style and pollen tube intertwining in style were observed, so it could not enter ovary to complete fertilization process,which might be one of the reasons for empty fruit. Therefore, it was speculated that there were pre-fertilization barriers in self-pollination of Scabiosa tschiliensis Grunning, which belonged to gametophyte self-incompatibility type.

关 键 词：蓝盆花 自交授粉 花粉 花粉管生长 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]