地铁施工中未遂事件的识别与防范研究  

A Study on Identification and Precautions of Near-miss Incidents in Subway Construction

作　　者：郭庆军[1] 闫竑宇 吴杰[1] 王玮[1] 赵鑫 GUO Qingjun;YAN Hongyu;WU Jie;WANG Wei;ZHAO Xin(School of Civil and Architecture Engineering,Xi＇an Technological University,Xi＇an 710021,China})

机构地区：[1]西安工业大学建筑工程学院

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2018年第4期29-35,共7页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51374165);陕西省软科学研究计划项目(2018KRM078)资助

摘　　要：与事故的发生数量相比较,地铁施工中未遂事件发生的频率更高,在机会因素的作用下转变为安全事故的几率更大。结合国内安全生产形势,分析国家对安全管理相关政策的提出背景和管控趋势;通过辨析与未遂事件相关的危险源、隐患、事故等概念,明确未遂事件的内涵和范围。地铁施工系统的脆弱性具有易感性、易损性特征,脆弱性的增加容易导致未遂事件频发。可利用"互联网+监测"、视线追踪、全员上报等方式对未遂事件进行识别。探究未遂事件的作用路径,将机会因素按照能量交换的程度分为3个等级,并按照个体行为、设备状态、环境条件、组织失误划分未遂事件的致因,找出因素间相互作用的影响,有针对性地对未遂事件进行防范。以"问题发现型"理论为导向,有效发挥对事故的"屏蔽"作用,为提升安全管理水平提出有效建议。Compared with the number of accidents,the frequency of near-miss incidents in subway construction is higher.It may lead to safety accidents under opportunity factors.According to situations of safety management in China,the background and trends of national policies is analyzed.Related concepts as sources of hazards,hidden dangers,and precursors of near-miss incidents are distinguished;connotation and extension of near-miss incidents is identified.The vulnerability of subway construction has characteristics as susceptibility and fragility.The increase of vulnerability can lead to frequent occurrence of near-miss incidents.Methods as＂Internet＋ Monitoring＂,＂eye tracking＂and＂full report＂are used to identify near-miss incidents in subway construction.Opportunity factors are divided into three grades according to the degree of energy exchange;and cause factors lead to near-miss incidents are divided according to individual behaviors,equipment states,environmental conditions,and organizational errors.The interactions between those factors are identified,and precautions of near-miss incidents in subway construction are designed.Guided by a theory of＂problem discovery＂,it can effectively＂shield＂accidents,and improve the level of safety management.

关 键 词：地铁安全管理 未遂事件 安全管理系统 能量交换 机会因素 

分 类 号：X928.03[环境科学与工程—安全科学]