不同菌材栽培天麻地土壤微生物和理化性状初析  

Preliminary analysis of soil microorganism and physicochemical characteristics of Gastrodia elata Blume. soil cultivated with different wood materials

作　　者：谭云 申爱荣[1] 吴振明 谭著明[1] 沈宝明 杨硕知[1] 陶继全 唐树元 TAN Yun;SHEN Airong;WU Zhenming;TAN Zhuming;SHEN Baoming;YANG Shuozhi;TAO Jiquan;TANG Shuyuan(Institute of Economy for Understorey Crops,Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China;Luyuan Gastrodia elata Professional Cooperative,Suining 422000,China;Boshikang Gastrodia elata Technology Development Co.Ltd.,Suining 422000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院林下经济所,湖南长沙410004 [2]绥宁县绿源天麻专业合作社,湖南绥宁422000 [3]博世康天麻科技开发有限责任公司,湖南绥宁422000

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2018年第5期12-20,共9页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目[2015]XT004;湖南省林业厅项目"不同材种对天麻品质和产量的影响研究";湖南省重点研发计划(2016NK2161)

摘　　要：本文探讨了11种不同树种菌材栽培天麻后窑内土壤微生物组成、理化性状及其相关性,以期探明天麻种植中菌材种类与土壤微生物、土壤营养和结构之间的关联性。结果表明:11种菌材栽培天麻后,窑内土壤中三大类微生物数量结构均表现为细菌>放线菌>真菌。栽培窖中菌材为南酸枣的土壤所含细菌数量最高,达到11. 17×10~7 CFU·g^(-1);栽培窖中菌材为白栎的土壤所含放线菌数量最高,达到34. 29×106 CFU·g^(-1);栽培窖中菌材为白栎的土壤所含真菌数量最高,为8. 82×10~5 CFU·g^(-1)。栽培窑内土壤中B/F值最大为南酸枣147. 84;B/F值最小为白栎26. 85。土壤理化性状分析表明,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和速效氮含量均以野漆树作为菌材的栽培窖中土壤为最高;速效钾含量以油桐作为菌材的窖中土壤最高,速效磷含量以白栎作菌材的窖中土壤最高。土壤微生物和理化性状的相关性分析结果显示:土壤含水率和微生物总量呈显著正相关(P<0. 05);土壤中速效磷含量和放线菌数量呈极显著正相关(P<0. 01);土壤中速效钾和细菌数量呈显著正相关(P<0. 05);土壤中全氮含量和细菌数量呈显著负相关(P<0. 05)。基于栽培天麻后土壤的综合指标,可以将11种菌材聚为三类,其中油桐、南酸枣对土壤的影响明显不同于其它菌材。In this article the soils from Armillaria mellea （Vahl） P. Kumm.-growing cellars with 11 kinds of wood materials for cultivating Gastrodia elata were studied to understand the microbial composition and physicochemical properties of each soil. The correlation among the four factors,wood materials for cultivating G. elata,soil microbial composition,soil nutrients and soil structure were also been analyzed. The results showed that the quantity and structure of the three categories of microorganisms in the soil were in the same trends： bacteria number〉 actinomycetes number 〉 fungi number after the 11 kinds of wood materials were degraded by A. mellea which was symbiosis with G. elata. When the Choerospondias axillaris （Roxb.）Burtt et Hill. was used to cultivate G. elata,the amount of bacteria in the soil was the highest,reaching 11.17×10^7 CFU·g^-1. When the Quercus fabri Hance was used to cultivate G. elata,the amount of actinomycetes in the soil was the highest,reaching 34.29×10^6 CFU·g^-1. When the Q. fabri Hance was used to cultivate G. elata,the amount of fungus in the soil was the highest,reaching 8.82×10^5 CFU·g^-1. When the C. axillaris. was used to cultivate G. elata,The maximum value of B/F was 147.84;When the Q. fabri was used to cultivate G. elata,the minimum value of B/F was 26.85. The results of soil physical and chemical properties analysis were as following：the content of organic matter,total P,total K,hydrolysable N and total N were the highest in the cultivating cellar with the Toxicodendron vernicifuum （Stokes） F. A. Barkl. as the A. mellea -growing material. The content of available K was the highest in the cultivating cellar with the Vernicia fordii （Hemsl.） Airy Shaw as A. mellea -growing material. The content of available P was highest in the cultivating cellar with the Quercus fabri as the wood material. Correlation analysis indicated that there were four significant correlations in the soil：there was a positive correlation between soil moisture content and micr

关 键 词：天麻菌材 土壤微生物 土壤理化性状 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S567.39[农业科学—中草药栽培]