避雨栽培控制梨早期落叶及二次开花效果试验  

Control Effects of Rain-shelter Cultivation on Early Defoliation and Reflorescence of Pear Trees

作　　者：黄新忠[1] 曾少敏[1] 张长和[2] 胡宁三[1] 陈小明[1] HUANG Xin-zhong;ZENG Shao-min;ZHANG Chang-he;HU Ning-san;CHEN Xiao-ming(Fruit Tree Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China;Jianning Agricultural Bureau of Fujian Province,Jianning 354500,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院果树研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省建宁县农业局,福建建宁354500

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2018年第10期19-22,共4页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：福建省农业科学院科研项目(A2017-18);福建省农业科学院果树创新团队基金项目(STIT2017-1-4);国家现代农业(梨)产业技术体系项目(CARS-28-34)

摘　　要：探讨了‘翠冠’梨在避雨与露地两种不同栽培模式下,叶部病害发生、早期落叶、二次开花程度的差异及其对开花结果与果实品质的影响。结果表明:‘翠冠’梨在避雨栽培条件下,梨斑点病、梨褐斑病、梨黑斑病、梨炭疽病4种叶部主要病害发生轻微,病情指数极显著低于露地栽培;避雨栽培梨的大量落叶期较露地栽培推迟60 d以上;与露地栽培相比,避雨栽培梨的当年秋冬花芽萌动比例降低了62.28个百分点,花芽数量增加了2.21倍,翌年花序坐果率、花朵坐果率、单株产量分别提高了1.20、2.05、2.98倍,单果重、果实可溶性固形物含量分别增加了86.66 g和提高了0.85个百分点。Under two different cultivation modes （ rain-shelter cultivation and open-field cultivation） of “ Cuiguan” pear,the differences in leaf disease occurrence, early defoliation and reflorescence degree of pear trees were studied, and their effectson the flowering, fruit-setting and fruit quality were analyzed. The results showed that four main leaf diseases （ pear spot disease,brown patch, black spot and anthracnose） in “Cuiguan” pear occurred slightly under the condition of rain-shelter cultivation,and the disease indexes of these four diseases were significantly lower than those under open-field cultivation. The date of massdefoliation in rain-shelter cultivation was over 60 days later than that in open-field cultivation. In comparison with open-field cultivation, the germinating rate of floral buds in autumn and winter of this year in rain-shelter cultivation reduced by 62.28%, thequantity of floral buds increased by 2.21 times, the fruit-setting rate of inflorescences, fruit-setting rate of flowers and single-plant yield in the next year increased by 1.20, 2.05 and 2.98 times, respectively, and the single-fruit weight and soluble solidcontent increased by 86.66 g and 0.85%, respectively.

关 键 词：梨 避雨栽培 叶部病害 早期落叶 二次开花 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]