控释尿素对黑龙江地区水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Controlled-Release Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice in Different Regions of Heilongjiang

作　　者：姬景红[1,2] 李玉影 刘双全[1,2] 佟玉欣 刘颖[1,2] 张明怡 JI Jing-hong;LI Yu-ying;LIU Shuang-quan;TONG Yu-xin;LIU Ying;ZHANG Ming-yi(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;The Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《土壤通报》2018年第4期876-881,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2017YFD0300503-04);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200101);黑龙江省水稻现代农业产业技术协同创新体系(黑农委体系(水稻)[2017]1号)项目资助

摘　　要：通过4年4点次田间试验,研究控释尿素、普通尿素及控释尿素与普通尿素不同比例混合施用对黑龙江地区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响。试验结果表明,采用缓控释尿素结合普通尿素一次性基施(普通尿素与控释尿素混合施用比例为4:6),水稻产量水平与普通尿素一次基施加一次追施(普通尿素基肥与分蘖肥的比例为4:6)效果相当。一定氮肥用量条件下,水稻产量随着施氮量的增加而增加;控释尿素与普通尿素比例合理搭配,可以在减少氮肥用量20%的条件下,仍能获得较高的水稻产量水平。养分专家系统(NE)推荐施肥处理平衡了氮磷钾肥用量及比例,水稻产量最高,肥料利用效率最高,较农民习惯施肥氮农学效率和氮肥利用率分别增加1.9 kg kg^(-1)和1.7%;在100%养分专家系统推荐施氮量条件下,控释尿素占75%(处理3)、60%(处理4)、45%(处理5)和30%(处理6)分别比100%普通尿素一次性基施(处理2)水稻增产26.5%、16.8%、9.7%和3.8%;氮肥农学效率增加10.6 kg kg^(-1)、8.5 kg kg^(-1)、4.7 kg kg^(-1)和1.7 kg kg^(-1),氮肥表观回收率增加15.0%、13.5%、7.6%和6.0%;在黑龙江地区水稻生产上,氮用量在N 157.5~180 kg hm^(-2)范围内,控释尿素和普通尿素一次性基施以控释尿素比例在45%~75%效果较好。The effects of controlled-release urea（CRU）, common urea（U）, and their mixing rates（100%, 75%, 60%,45%, 30%） on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice were studied in field experiments during four years. Results were showed as follows： rice yield was similar among the treatments of using CRU and U as base fertilizers（its ratio of4 to 6） and the treatment of only urea as base fertilizer and topdressing（its ratio of 4 to 6）. With the increase of nitrogen application, gain yield was increased after the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The reasonable ratio of CRU and U got higher rice yield under the condition of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by 20%. The nutrient expert recommended fertilization（NE） treatment increased the rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency by 1.9 kg kg^-1 and1.7%, respectively, compared with the tradition fertilizer application by farmers（FP）. According to NE recommended fertilization, the applications of 75%, 60%, 45% and 30% CRU increased the yield by 26.5%, 16.8%, 9.7% and 3.8%respectively, nitrogen agricultural efficiency by 10.6, 8.5, 4.7 and 1.7 kg kg^-1, respectively, and the use efficiency of nitrogen by 15.0%, 13.5 %, 7.6 % and 6.0 %, respectively, compared with the 100% application of U as base fertilizer. Under the conditions of nitrogen amount ranged from 157.5 to 180 N kg hm^-2, the 45% to 75 % CRU should get the best rice production in different regions of Heilongjiang Province.

关 键 词：控释尿素 水稻 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学] S147.22[农业科学—农业基础科学]