蚯蚓粪与腐殖酸混施对植烟土壤质量及烟叶品质的影响  

Effects of Mixed Fertilization of Earthworm Feces and Humic Acid on Quality of Tobacco-planting Soil and Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：毛凯伦 李司童 李晓娜[2] 吴薇[1] 李本晟 张立新[1] 韦成才 张永锋 陈明山 穆耀辉 MAO Kai-lun;LI Si-tong;LI Xiao-na;WU Wei;LI Ben-sheng;ZHANG Li-xin;WEI Cheng-cai;ZHANG Yong-feng;CHEN Ming-shan;MU Yao-hui(College of Life Sciences,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling 712100,China;Shaanxi Tobacco Scientifw Institution,Xi＇an 710000,China;Tobacco Research Institute of Shangluo,Shaanxi Province,Shangluo 726000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省烟草科学研究所,陕西西安710000 [4]陕西省烟草公司商洛市公司,陕西商洛726000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2018年第4期911-918,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司陕西省公司科技项目(SXYC-2016-KJ-02);陕西中烟工业有限责任公司科技计划项目(JS-FW-2016-001)资助

摘　　要：为探寻适宜秦巴烟区土壤改良培肥烟田、提高烟叶品质新技术。采用大田试验,设置了6个处理:CK(纯烟草专用肥)以及在CK处理基础上增施不同有机肥(蚯蚓粪+腐植酸)的其他处理,包括T1(蚯蚓粪有机肥2400 kg hm^(-2))、T2(蚯蚓粪有机肥1800 kg hm^(-2)和腐殖酸有机肥600 kg hm^(-2))、T3(蚯蚓粪有机肥1200 kg hm^(-2)和腐殖酸有机肥1200 kg hm^(-2)、T4(蚯蚓粪有机肥600 kg hm^(-2)和腐殖酸有机肥1800 kg hm^(-2))和T5(腐殖酸有机肥2400 kg hm^(-2))。研究蚯蚓粪与腐殖酸混施对植烟土壤速效养分、土壤酶活性及烤烟化学品质与经济性状的影响。结果表明,土壤养分与酶活性具有显著相关性,均能表征土壤肥力;增施蚯蚓粪与腐殖酸能显著提高土壤速效养分及酶活性,其中T2处理土壤改良效果最佳。与对照CK相比,施用蚯蚓粪与腐殖酸能有效降低烟碱、淀粉及总糖含量,提高总氮及钾含量,其中T2处理化学成分协调性最佳。蚯蚓粪与腐殖酸可有效改善烤烟农艺性状和经济性状,上等烟与中上等烟比率分别提高5.1%~12.6%和3.9%~8.2%,产值增加6.1%~10.9%。综合分析,在陕南烟区以T2处理对于改良土壤性状和提高烤烟产质量效果最佳,适宜推广。In order to find the appropriate techniques for improving the qualities of soil and flue-cured tobacco, the effects of different ratios of earthworm feces（EF） and humic acid（HC） on soil available nutrients and enzyme activities,chemical qualities and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco were studied in a field experiment. Six treatments were designed： CK（only tobacco chemical fertilizer）, T1（CK ＋ 2400 kg hm^-2 EF）, T2（CK ＋ 1800 kg hm^-2 EF ＋ 600 kg hm^-2 HC）, T3（CK ＋ 1200 kg hm^-2 EF＋1200 kg hm^-2 HC）, T4（CK ＋ 600 kg hm^-2 EF ＋ 1800 kg hm^-2 HC） and T5（CK ＋ 2400 kg hm^-2 HC）. The results showed that soil nutrients and enzyme activities had significant correlations,and they can be used to characterize soil fertility. The addition of EF and HC significantly improved the soil available nutrients and enzyme activities, and the effects of T2 were the best. Compared with CK, the application of EF and HC effectively reduced the contents of nicotine, starch and total sugar, increased the contents of total nitrogen and potassium, and T2 was the best in the chemical composition coordination of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The application of EF and HC effectively improved agronomic traits and economic performances of flue-cured tobacco, the proportion of high and middle-highgrades leaves were increased by 5.1%-12.6% and 3.9%-8.2%, respectively, and production values increased by 6.1%-10.9%. Therefore, in the tobacco-planting area of Southern Shaanxi, the combination of EF 1800 kg hm^-2 and HC 600 kg hm^-2 is the most suitable for improving soil quality and the yield,quality and profit of flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：烤烟 蚯蚓粪 腐殖酸 土壤质量 烤烟产/质量和效益 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S572[农业科学—农业基础科学]