多元统计学理论在矿区土壤重金属溯源分析中的应用  

Application of Multivariate Statistical Theory in Traceability Analysis of Heavy Metals in Mining Area Soils

作　　者：姚世厅 农冬灵[1] 赵峰华[2] Yao Shiting;Nong Dongling;Zhao Fenghua(Beijing Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Corporation,Beijing 100050,China;College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市地质矿产勘查开发总公司 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院

出　　处：《中国资源综合利用》2018年第9期152-155,158,共5页China Resources Comprehensive Utilization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:No.41372164)的阶段性研究成果之一

摘　　要：通过对万庄金矿区及其矿区周边表层土壤取样调查,本文测定了矿区土壤中八大重金属含量。结果表明,矿区土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn和Ni的重金属平均含量为0.345 mg/kg、26.858 mg/kg、0.321 mg/kg、68.055 mg/kg、30.879 mg/kg、59.040 ng/g、51.556 mg/kg,89.450 mg/kg和32.070mg/kg,由《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)对比发现,该矿区土壤中研究的重金属含量超过了二级标准值,说明该地区的重金属积累比较严重。采用相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析多元统计学方法对土壤重金属进行溯源分析,结果表明:Cr、Ni可能源自后期人为因素和大气沉降;As、Pb、Cd及Zn的来源可能是矿石开采、开采后的堆积冶炼、矿产的运输以及冶炼后的残渣堆积物;对于Hg的来源,除了源于土壤的自然成土因素,主要原因是金矿选冶采用氰化法时需要加入汞。Based on the sampling of the surface soil around the Wanzhuang gold mining area and its mining area, the content of eight heavy metals in the soil of the mining area was determined. The results showed that the average content of heavy metals in As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn and Ni in the mining area was 0.345 mg/kg, 26.858 mg/kg, 0.321 mg/kg, 68.055 mg/kg, 30.879 mg/kg. 59.040 ng/g, 51.556 mg/kg, 89.450 mg/kg and 32.070 mg/kg. According to the comparison of Soil Environmental Quality Standard （GB15618-1995）, the heavy metal content in the soil of the mine exceeded the secondary standard value. This indicates that the accumulation of heavy metals in the area is more serious. Traceability analysis of soil heavy metals was carried out by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that Cr and Ni may be derived from late human factors and atmospheric deposition; the sources of As, Pb, Cd and Zn may be Ore mining, post-mining smelting, mineral transportation, and residue accumulation after smelting; for the source of Hg, in addition to natural soil-derived factors derived from soil, the main reason is that gold is required to be added to the gold ore by cyanidation.

关 键 词：矿区土壤 重金属含量 多元统计学方法 溯源分析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]