滴灌频率和施氮量对温室西葫芦土壤水分、硝态氮分布及产量的影响  

Effect of Drip Irrigation Frequency and Nitrogen Application Rate on Soil Water and Nitrate Distribution and Yield of Greenhouse Squash

作　　者：郭鹏飞 张筱茜[1,2] 韩文 张坤 刁明[1,2] GUO Pengfei;ZHANG Xiaoqian;HAN Wen;ZHANG Kun;DIAO Ming(College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000;Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第4期109-114,121,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家星火重点项目(2015GA891008);国家自然科学基金项目(31360478)

摘　　要：2016年和2017年在北方寒旱地区日光温室西葫芦栽培中,灌溉定额为269.87mm,设置2个滴灌频率(低频W1:7天1次,高频W2:2天1次)和2个氮素水平(适氮N1:375kg/hm^2,高氮N2:565kg/hm^2),研究不同处理对温室西葫芦土壤水分、硝态氮分布及西葫芦产量的影响。结果表明:(1)高频(W2)滴灌提高了0—40cm土层的土壤水分,减少了水分的深层下渗。(2)高氮(N2)施肥各土层硝态氮含量较高,适氮处理配合高频次滴灌根区0—40cm硝态氮含量维持在相对适宜水平,40—80cm土层硝态氮含量相对较低,提高滴灌频率可降低氮素向深层淋失的风险。(3)在适氮(N1)水平下,西葫芦产量对于滴灌频率敏感,而对于高氮(N2)水平,提高滴灌频率,产量增加不显著。(4)在定额滴灌量下,滴灌频率对西葫芦水分利用效率的影响大于施氮肥对西葫芦水分利用效率的影响。(5)W2N1处理更有利于西葫芦的生长和产量的提高,推荐北方寒旱地区日光温室西葫芦施氮量为375kg/hm^2,灌溉频率为2天1次。In 2016 and 2017,two drip irrigation frequencies（the low frequency W1：one irrigation every 7 days,the high frequency W2：one irrigation every 2 days）and two nitrogen levels（suitable N1：375 kg/hm^2,high nitrogen N2：565 kg/hm^2）were conducted in a solar greenhouse of squash in the northern cold and dry land,with the same irrigation quota of 269.87 mm.The soil water and nitrate distributions and the yield of squash in solar greenhouse were studied.The results showed that：（1）W2 increased the soil water contents of 0—40 cm and reduced the deep seepage.（2）The soil nitrate contents were higher in all layers under N2,suitable nitrogen treatment combined with high frequency drip irrigation could maintain the nitrate contents at a relatively suitable level at 0—40 cm in the root zone,so the nitrate content in the 40—80 cm soil layer was relatively lower.The improved frequency of drip irrigation could reduce the leaching risk of nitrogen.（3）Under N1,squash yield was sensitive to irrigation frequency,however,for N2,the increasing irrigation frequency had no significant effect on yield,which indicated that the sensitivity of squash yield to irrigation frequency was low.（4）For a given fixed irrigation quota,the effect of drip irrigation frequency on water use efficiency of squash was greater than that of nitrogen fertilizer on water use efficiency of squash.（5）Taken together,W2 N1 was more conducive to the growth of squash and the increase of yield.So,it is recommended that the nitrogen level in greenhouse drip irrigation was 375 kg/hm^2,and the irrigation frequency was 2 days.

关 键 词：滴灌频率 施氮量 土壤质量含水率 硝态氮含量 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S642.6[农业科学—蔬菜学] S627[农业科学—园艺学]