普通肥、控释掺混肥分层施肥对小麦生长的影响  

Effects of Layered Application of Common Fertilizer and Controlled-release Bulk-blend Fertilizer on Wheat Growth

作　　者：梁海 陈宝成[1,2] 韩慧芳 王少博[1] 王桂伟 陈剑秋 LIANG Hai;CHEN Baocheng;HAN Huifang;WANG Shaobo;WANG Guiwei;CHEN Jianqiu(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer,Tai＇an,Shandong 271018;College of Resource and Environment,Shandong Agricultural Uuniversity,Tai＇an,Shandong 271018;State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization,Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Linshu,Shandong 276000)

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [3]养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点试验室金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司,山东临沭276000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第4期240-245,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十三五"重点研发计划项目"纳米复合包膜缓控释掺混肥料研制与应用"(2017YFD0200705);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项"水浇地合理耕层构建技术指标研究"(201503117)

摘　　要：为了研究不同层次施肥对土壤养分及作物生长的影响,通过小麦盆栽试验,以农民习惯施肥(普通肥撒施后翻耕)为对照,设置不施肥、控释掺混肥混施、普通肥1层施肥加追肥、普通肥和控释掺混肥各1层(深度5cm)、2层(5,10cm)、3层(5,10,15cm)施肥处理,筛选出普通肥、控释掺混肥各自最优的施肥层次,为田间分层施肥特别是目前农业推广的种肥同播技术提供支持。结果表明:与对照相比,普通肥1层、2层施肥处理显著增产14.02%和15.83%;普通肥两层施肥处理小麦生物量显著增加13.44%;控释掺混肥2层、3层施肥相比控释掺混肥混施处理显著增产7.47%和5.55%,小麦生物量差异不显著。小麦各个生长期的氮素供应普通肥以1层施肥或2层施肥为好,而控释掺混肥以2层施肥或3层施肥为好;不同处理的土壤有效磷、速效钾含量差异不显著。普通肥分层施肥处理氮肥利用率比对照分别提高44.4%,40.7%和62.9%,磷肥利用率分别提高35.7%,64.3%和42.8%,钾肥利用率分别提高16.7%,33.3%和53.3%,差异均达显著水平;而控释掺混肥各处理氮、钾肥利用率差异不显著,磷肥利用率则分别显著提高35.0%,30.0%和35.0%。在农业生产中,建议普通肥以2层(深度5,10cm)施肥,控释掺混肥以2层(5,10cm)或3层(5,10,15cm)施肥的方式进行施肥。A wheat pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization layers on soil nutrients and crop growth.The local farmer＇s customary fertilization（tillage after topsoil fertilization）was taken as control,and the following treatments was set：no fertilizer application,controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer topsoil fertilization then tillage,one layer fertilization and topdressing of common fertilizer,common fertilizer layered fertilization and controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer layered fertilization.The fertilization layers treatments included：one layer（5 cm）,two layers（5 and 10 cm）and three layers（5,10 and 15 cm）.The aim was to select the optimal fertilization layers of common fertilizer and controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer respectively,and to provide the theoretical support for the technology of layered fertilization,especially for the technology of sowing and fertilization at the same time which is popularized now.The results showed that compared with the topsoil fertilization of common bulk-blend fertilizer,the wheat yield was increased by 14.02% and 15.83% significantly under one layer and two layers fertilization of common fertilizer,respectively,and the biomass was significantly increased by 13.44% under two layers fertilization of common fertilizer.Compared with controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer fertilization,the yield of two layers and three layers fertilization of controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer was significantly increased by7.47% and 5.55%respectively,but the biomass was increased insignificantly.The nitrogen supplying of one layer and two layers of common fertilizer fitted better with every wheat growing stage than other treatments,and two and three layers fertilization of controlled-release bulk-blend fertilizer better than other controlled-release bulk-blend layered fertilization.The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were not significant among different treatments.Compared with the topsoil fertilization

关 键 词：分层施肥 土壤养分 小麦 产量 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S147.24[农业科学—肥料学] S512.11[农业科学—农业基础科学]