超微细磷钾-活化剂肥在小白菜上的肥效研究  

Study on Fertilizer Efficiency of Superfine Phosphorus and Potassium Activator Fertilizer on Pakchoi

作　　者：王桂伟 陈宝成[1] 王国鹏 李晗灏 梁海[1] 周华敏[1] 陈剑秋 WANG Guiwei;CHEN Baocheng;WANG Guopeng;LI Hanhao;LIANG Hai;ZHOU Huamin;CHEN Jianqiu(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer,College of Resource and Environment,Shandong Agricultural,Tai＇an,Shandong 271018;State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization,Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Linshu,Shandong 276700)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点试验室金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司,山东临沭276000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第4期315-320,326,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十三五"重点研发计划子课题项目"超微细磷钾腐殖酸缓释肥研制及纳米缓控释肥肥效及机理研究"(2017YFD0200705)

摘　　要：为提高磷钾肥的有效性,减少磷钾肥固定及淋失,提高作物产量,节约农业资源和减少面源污染,研制超微细磷钾—活化剂肥,通过盆栽小白菜试验,研究该肥对小白菜的产量、品质、土壤养分含量及肥料利用率的影响。以常规磷钾肥和添加腐殖酸磷钾肥为对照,研究磷钾肥与腐殖酸、沸石粉、硅藻土活化剂不同配比并磨细制造超微细磷钾—活化剂肥施肥效果,共9个处理。结果表明:超微细磷钾—活化剂肥显著提高了小白菜的产量,增产率达13.22%~35.14%;超微细磷钾—腐殖酸—沸石粉肥、超微细磷钾—腐殖酸—硅藻土肥、超微细磷钾肥—腐殖酸—沸石粉—硅藻土肥处理的小白菜硝酸盐含量降低了30.46%~74.31%,可溶性糖增加41.70%~150.00%;土壤有效磷含量平均提高23.15%;超微细磷钾—活化剂肥的磷肥利用率提高47.58%~238.62%,农学利用率提高114.12%~303.44%,钾肥的肥料偏生产力提高13.22%~35.15%,均达显著水平。超微细磷钾—活化剂肥提高了其保肥和供肥性能,增加了产量,建议在肥料生产和施用中选择超微细磷钾—腐殖酸—沸石粉肥料。A novel superfine phosphorus-potassium fertilizer was developed to reduce the soil fixing and leaching of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer,improve the nutrition efficiency,reduce the fertilizer application rate,reduce non-point source pollution,and increase crop yield.The potted pakchoi experiment was conducted to study the effects of this new fertilizer on the yield and quality of pakchoi,soil nutrients and fertilizer use efficiency.Nine treatments were designed in this study,with common phosphorus-potassium fertilizer plus Humic Acid and common phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as the control.The phosphate-potassium fertilizer was grinded and mixed with Humic Acid,zeolite powder,diatomite activator respectively in different proportions,which were used to produce the superfine phosphorous-potassium activator fertilizer.The results were as follows：The superfine phosphorus-potassium activator fertilizer significantly increased the pakchoi yield by 13.22%~35.14%.The superfine phosphorus-potassiumHumic Acid-zeolite powder fertilizer,the superfine phosphorus-potassium-Humic Acid-diatomite fertilizer and superfine phosphorus-potassium-Humic Acid-zeolite powder-diatomite fertilizer reduced the nitrate contents in pakchoi by 30.46% ~74.31%,and increased the soluble sugar contents by 41.70% ~150.00%.The available phosphorus contents of soil increased 23.15%in average.For the superfine phosphorus-potassium activator fertilizer,the utilization rates of phosphate fertilizer were increased by 47.58% ~238.62%.The agronomic utilization rates were increased by 114.14%~303.46%.The partial factor productivities of potassium fertilizer were increased by 13.22%~35.15%.The results indicated that the superfine phosphorus-potassiumactivator fertilizer could contact enough with the activating agent,which improve the fertilizer efficiency.Thus,it was recommended to select the superfine phosphorus-potassium-Humic Acid-zeolite-activated fertilizer in fertilizer production and application.

关 键 词：超微细磷钾 活化剂 利用率 小白菜 

分 类 号：S143.43[农业科学—肥料学] S634.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]